Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Mangrove area (ha)
A
B
C
Country/Region
(period)
t
1
t
2
Loss
Ponds
Conv
%1
%2
Chakaria Sunderban,
Bangladesh (1952-1988)
1
7500
978
6522
6522
6522
100
100
Thailand (1961-1996)
2
367900
167582
200318
80000
66998
84
33
Tien Hai, Viet Nam
(1986-1992)
3
1250
390
860
1490
790
53
92
Philippines (1997)
a 4
295000
17
250000
17
45000
6940
3470
50
8
Ecuador (1969-1999)
5
362700
149557
213143
10000
48649
49
23
Machala-Pto. Bolivar,
Ecuador (1966-1982)
6
4693
3294
1399
2331
931
40
67
Giao Thuy, Viet Nam
(1986-1992)
3
750
320
430
938
364
39
85
Golfo de Fonseca,
Honduras (1973-1992)
7
30697
23937
6760
11515
4307
37
64
Indonesia (1997)
a 4
4200000
17
3150000
17
1050000
20000
5320
27
1
Thailand (1997)
a 4
280000
17
244100
17
35900
47755
9933
21
28
Godovari delta, India
(1977-2005)
8
19480
18610
870
4650
820
18
94
Taiwan (1997)
a 4
--
--
--
1407
173
12.3
--
San Blas, Mexico (1973-
2001)
9
7644
7353
521
1900
230
12
44
CaiNuoc district, Viet
Nam (1968-2003)
10
19507
47614
14746
59684
5643
10
38
Mazatlan, Mexico (1973-
1997)
11
910
710
200
170
10
6
5
India (1989-1999)
12
467000
17
448200
17
18800
130000
6500
5
35
Marismas Nacionales,
Mexico (1973-2000)
13
89182
75042
14140
3208
102
3
1
Sinaloa, Mexico (1992-
2003)
14
75364
84912
--
b
46882
790
2
--
Ceuta Lagoon, Mexico
(1984-1999)
15
7558
7217
341
3192
23
1
7
North of Sinaloa (1986-
2005)
16
21983
21873
110
9949
26
<1
24
t1 and t2, initial and final mangrove area in every period study. A Loss, differences in mangrove cover
(ha) in the study period. B Ponds, area (ha) occupied by shrimp ponds. C Conv., conversion from
mangrove to shrimp ponds (area in ha). %1, proportion of ponds built on mangrove = (C/B)100. %2,
proportion of mangrove loss caused by shrimp farming = (C/A)100.
a
Only considering intensive
shrimp farms.
b
Authors found a positive change in Sinaloa's mangrove cover. Sources:
1
Hossain (2001);
2
Aksornkoae and Tokrisna (2004);
3
Bélard et al. (2006);
4
Kongkeo (1997);
5
Bravo (2003);
6
Terchunian et al.
(1986);
7
Dewalt et al. (1996);
8
Sudhaka-Reddy & Roy (2008);
9
Berlanga-Robles & Ruiz-Luna (2006);
10
Binh et al. (2005);
11
Ruiz-Luna & Berlanga-Robles (2003);
12
Hein (2002);
13
Berlanga-Robles & Ruiz-Luna
(2007);
14
De la Fuente & Carrera (2005);
15
Alonso-Pérez (2003);
16
Berlanga-Robles et al. (2005);
17
FAO
(2007).
Table 4. Changes in mangrove cover related to shrimp farming in Asia and America.
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