Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
the private sector time to plan for and adapt to export requirements and develop systems
without imposed financial pressure or deadlines. Intesal released sanitary measurements for
the associates in December 2009, which was further improved and re-edited in August of 2010.
The effects of these actions may be confirmed subsequently in the next 5 years. It proposes 44
measurements, whereas 20 are complementary to the new resolutions and amendments of the
LGPA, 6 are partially a part of the regulation and 18 are part of regulation (Intesal, 2010). To a
large degree, Chile has allowed large export markets to define traceability requirements for
Chilean products. In response to emerging international requirements for traceability,
SalmonChile facilitated the development of an Integrated Management System (SIGES) in
2003. In order to obtain the SIGES certification, companies must commit to adhere to otherwise
voluntary protocols (e.g., information system software, ISO, OSHA, HACCP, best practice
guidelines, etc.). The SIGES is a voluntary agreement for the associated companies that
implement standards of quality, welfare, clean production, environment, and working health
and security, recognized by domestic and international regulations. It facilitates the
implementation of ISO 9,001, ISO 14,001 and OHSAS 18,001. Although in 2006, the worldwide
biggest food-market chain, Wal Mart (USA), recognized SIGES-SalmonChile and Safe quality
Food (SQF-SIGES) it is still not recognized by shareholders worldwide.
In October 2010, SalmonChile signed an agreement with GLOBALG.A.P. to launch
standards for salmon production also called SALMONG.A.P., which is the first
internationally recognized standard for the cultured salmon in Chile. SALMONG.A.P. aims
improvement of salmon production and processing towards best practices, which considers
multi-criteria task such as feed, health, safety, quality, environmental issues, working
conditions, welfare and biosecurity.
In 2000, a special programme for public-private association was created by CORFO in the
field of cleaner production, operated by the National Clean Development Council. Clean
production agreements (APL) have strategies for production and environmental
management, which are voluntarily joined by industry and government partners; however,
once an APL is signed the different tasks and steps should be reached and in case of non-
fulfilment, the authority may punish partners according to the regulation. In 2010,
producers and Intesal improved their production practices by the first APL within Los
Lagos region, ratified by all the members of SalmonChile, 48 companies at that time,
representing one of the most important public-private agreements towards sustainable
aquaculture. This agreement covers 46 action points that have been carried out. The second
APL within the industry was ratified by FW producers of La Araucanía region where 28 FW
producers signed an APL in 2010.
6.3 The role of the NGOs
Similarly to other salmon producing countries several non-governmental organizations
(NGOs) have watched all the impacts of the industrial aquaculture and published several
reports and launched campaigns regarding aquaculture´s negative effects on the local and
global environment as well in the communities and social issues. In Chile, especially since
2000s several NGOs have being active such as Terram, Olach, Oxam, Oceana and WWF.
Nevertheless, WWF has published a number of reports regarding impacts of the Chilean
aquaculture. These promote dialogue between NGOs, community, producers and public
entities suggesting solutions as aquaculture standards. Lately, WWF Chile has published 5
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