Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
treatments. It also introduced the preliminary site characterization (CPS) for any inland or
marine sites, demanding an environmental impact assessment, which improves the
evaluation process. Furthermore, it establishes annually environmental monitoring as part
of the environmental information program (INFA). Operating sites should annually present
an INFA-report with the impact on the oxygen conditions at the bottom below the cages.
This is of especial relevance for remaining sites located in lakes. When anaerobic condition is
stated, the production can be on hold for one year, if the anaerobic condition is kept, the site
should reduce 30% of the production and consecutively for the following years when the
condition is not improved. Both CPS and aerobic conditions will be surveilled by competent
persons or companies approved by the authority. In 2003, a score system for the sites based
in type, production size, bathymetry and bottom conditions was introduced. In addition, the
methodology for analysis of CPS and INFA according to the score was established in 2006.
Various measurements were introduced towards management for solid and liquid residues,
for harvesting, mortality and processing plants in 2008.
The sanitary regulation for aquaculture RESA, S.D. No.319 in 2001, stated that a sanitary
condition depends on the prevention and control of events. This regulation was enacted to
prevent and control high risk diseases in aquatic species securing sanitary controls,
surveillance and eradication of infectious diseases in farmed fish within the country.
Sernapesca was provided with larger resources to cover the increased inspection needs. It
established a classification of the high risk illness, basic conditions for production sites,
experimental sites, processing plants, transport, waiting sites, harvesting, egg´s import,
domestic egg´s production, certifications, also conditions and task of the reference and
diagnostic laboratories. It also established that only registered pharmaceutical products for
aquatic species might be used. This regulation was recently updated (September 2011)
including major pillars regarding pathogens such as bioexclusion, biocontainment measures
and sanitary management as well as reinforcement of preventive measures in FW systems.
5.3 Specific sanitary programs and regulations
Since 2003, the general sanitary programs have been implemented through 12 resolutions
(Rs. 60 to Rs. 72) by Sernapesca to regulate sanitary issues in aquaculture. The Rs. 60
regulates the registration, proceedings and conditions for vaccination of farmed fish. The Rs.
61 to 63 established proceedings towards information, data processing, reporting,
surveillance and actions to be taken when detection and outbreak of high risk diseases
(HRD list 1 and 2, Table 7), but also for unknown aetiology and non-described diseases in a
specific zone. Farm sites and diagnostic laboratories may be evaluated towards diseases of
HRD list 2 and confirm absence of HRD list 1, at least twice a year.
These resolutions tackle transport of fish, eggs, high risk biological material, feed,
equipment, and materials in any farming activity according with the zoning, also
proceedings for disinfection and traceability applying for domestic and imported eggs,
conditions, procedures and management for mortality such as frequency and methods for
mortality check, necropsy, and disinfections. In order to prevent outbreaks, every farm
should have procedures for treatments and handouts for a correct medication, which is also
ruled by the Rs. 67. The Rs. 68 establishes the management and proceeding for all kind of
waste in farming, slaughter and processing plants (liquid, solid, organic and inorganic),
introducing proceedings for personal, disinfection and
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