Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
9
Applied Ecophysiology:
An Integrative Form to Know How
Culture Environment Modulates the
Performance of Aquatic Species
from an Energetic Point of View
Carlos Rosas 1 , Cristina Pascual 1 , Maite Mascaró 1 ,
Paulina Gebauer 2 , Ana Farias 3,4 , Kurt Paschke 3 and Iker Uriarte 3,4
1 Unidad multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación,
Fac. de Ciencias, UNAM, Puerto de abrigo s/n, Sisal, Yucatán
2 Centro I-Mar. Universidad de los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
3 Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral
de Chile, Sede Puerto Montt
4 CIEN Austral
1 México
2,3,4 Chile
1. Introduction
Ecological energetics as a part of ecophysiology, appears to have grown out of the Age of
enlightenment and the concerns of the physiocrats, a group of economists who believed that
the wealth of nations was derived solely from the value of "land agriculture" or "land
development." Their theories originated in France, were most popular during the second
half of the 18th century. Physiocracy is perhaps the first well-developed theory of economics
(Danbom, 1979). The Age of Enlightenment (or simply the Enlightenment) is the era in
Western philosophy, intellectual, scientific and cultural life, centered upon the 18th century,
in which reason was advocated as the primary source for legitimacy and authority. It is also
known as the Age of Reason. The enlightenment was a movement of science and reason.
Ecological energetic began in the works of Podolinksy in the late 1800s, and subsequently
was developed by the Soviet ecologist Stanchinskii, the Austro-American Alfred James
Lotka, and American limnologists, Raymond Lindeman and George Evelyn Hutchinson. It
underwent substantial development by H.T. Odum and was applied by system ecologists,
and radiation ecologists to understand how the forcing factors modulate the ecosystem
interactions (Weiner, 2000). Currently ecophysiology is a discipline that, in aquaculture,
have been widely used to establish how the environment modulates the performance of
animals in order to obtain the highest amount of biomass in the shortest possible time and
cost. The use of physiological capacities of organisms to obtain biomass has been one of the
basic premises of the application of ecophysiological studies to the production of aquatic
organisms.
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