Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table A.2
(continued)
Description
Name
Definition
1 at = 0.980623 9 10
5
Pa = 735.559 Torr = 10 m
WS = 10
4
Techn. atmosphere
kp m
-2
= 0.96780 atm
Torricelli
1 Torr = 133.3 Pa = 1.333 mbar = 1mmHg
1 Pa = 9.86923 9 10
-6
atm = 7.50062 9 10
-3
Pascal
Torr = 10
-5
bar
1 bar = 1 dyn m
-2
= 10
5
Bar
Pa
Kilopond per m
2
1kpm
-2
= 9.807 Pa = 9.678 9 10
-5
atm = 10
-4
at
Conversions
Pound per square inch
1 psi = 6,894.757 Pa
1 lbf ft
-2
Pound-weight per square foot
= 47.88 Pa
1 pdl ft
-2
Poundal per square foot
= 1.488 Pa
1 ton ft
-2
Ton-weight per square foot
= 107.3 kPa
Energy
Joule
1 J = 1 N m = 1 Ws = 0.2388 cal = 0.102 kp m
= 2.778 9 10
-7
kWh
1V A s = 1 J = 10
7
erg = 0.101kp m = 0.238846 cal
= 6.241 9 10
18
Volt-Ampere second
eV
1 eV = 1.60219 9 10
-19
J = 1.6335 9 10
-20
kp m
Electron volt
= 96.485 kJ mol
-1
= 23.061 kcal mol
-1
1 cal = 4.187 J = 0.427 kp m = 3.97 9 10
-3
Calorie
BTU
1 kp m = 9.807 J = 2.342 cal = 6.122 9 10
19
Meter kilopond
eV
Kilowatt hour
1 kW h = 1.341 HP h = 860 kcal = 367,097 kp
m = 3.6 9 10
6
J = 3,412 BTU
Conversions
Pound-weight foot
1 lbf ft = 0.138 kp m = 1.356 J
British thermal unit
1 BTU = 0.252 kcal = 107.6 kp m = 1 055.56 J
1 tce = 2.931 9 10
10
Ton of coal equivalent
J
1 toe = 4.187 9 10
10
Ton of oil equivalent
J
Horse-
power hour (UK, US)
1 HPhr = 0.7457 kWh = 641.616 kcal = 273 959
kp m = 2.649 9 10
6
J
1 W = 1 J s
-1
= 0.856 kcal h
-1
= 1.36 9 10
-3
Performance
Watt
HP = 0.101 972 kp m s
-1
Conversions
1 HP = 550 lbf ft s
-1
Horsepower
= 745.670 W
1 lbf ft s
-1
Pound-weight foot per second
= 1.356 W
1 BTU hr
-1
British thermal unit per hour
= 0.2931 W
1 V = 1 W A
-1
Electricity
Volt
Temperature
Temperature difference
1 K = t
C
+ 273.15 = 5/9 (t
F
-32) + 273.15
1
o
C=t
K
- 273.15
t
c
= 5/9 (t
F
- 32)
Degree Celsius
Degree
Fahrenheit
1F = 9/5
(t
k
-273.15) + 32
t
F
= 9/5 t
c
+32
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