Basics of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Gas Emissions - Decreasing Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Gas Emissions in Transportation - page 10

1.6 Summary and Recommendations: Basics of Intelligent
Monitoring of Fuel Consumption and Emissions

Two European Directives EC 98/69 and EC 99/96 form the basis of intelligent,
direct control of combustion and exhaust gas after treatment technology. Both
Directives contain a passage concerning direct measurement technology in pas-
senger cars and light duty vehicles.
Fuel consumption and exhaust gas emission quotas of several driving cycles are
different and not directly comparable with each other. Existing comparisons
merely operate within average conditions. Direct monitoring opens the way to
direct and quasi continuous measuring fuel consumption and exhaust gas emis-
sions. Self Diagnosis uses the history of changes in engine operation and compares
original data with real data measured in daily traffic.
However, this technology is still under development. The first problem is the
lack of high quality micro sensors. The second problem is the price of sensors.
Recent systems are still too expensive for mass production and too sensitive to raw
conditions in the environment.
Currently, deteriorations are measured at test benches under artificial condi-
tions. Certification prefers artificial measures. Exceeding limiting values can be
tested through changing new and optimally operated elements with artificially
worn and deteriorated elements in the fuel consumption and the related exhaust
gas systems. Both cases ''may be proper'' and ''may be wrong'' operations are
measured in driving, flying, or shipping navigation cycles on the test bench. The
fuel consumption and parallel to it, the exhaust gas measuring procedure on the
test bench, have to be repeated multiple times, with both ''new'' and changed
''old'' elements. Results are only partially related to the real fuel consumption and
exhaust gas emissions.
Although development has been accelerating in the last years, it is expected that
the evolution of intelligent Self Diagnosis technology will be gradual and slow due
to complex technological problems.

References

1. Palocz-Andresen M (2008). On-Board-Diagnose und On-Board-Measurement im
Kraftfahrzeug-, Schiffs- und Flugzeugbau. Expert-Verlag Renningen. ISBN: 978-3-8169-
2754-9
2. Fuel efficiency. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_efficiency
3. Fuel efficiency in the transportation. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_efficiency_in_

thetransportation
4. Basic data for the energy demand of the different means of traffic used to transport passengers
in the corridor Hamburg-Berlin. http://www.vr-transport.de/…/n003.htm
5. Specific fuel consumption (thrust). http://en.wiki/Specific-fuel_consumption
6. Inland Shipping. http://www.sustainablelogistics.org/Inland_Shipping
7. Ferry. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferry