Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 18.1
(continued)
Year
Vehicle
Airplane
Ship
Fuel
1950 • Constructions with high
weight, but low
performance and low rpm
• 1972 exhaust turbo-
charging
• ca. 1975 supercharger
• 1980 carbon fiber material
''Kevlar''
• 1952 regular civil traffic with jet
aircraft between London and
Johannesburg
• 1967 rocket engine airplane
''X15''
• 1976 fastest reconnaissance
airplane of the world ''SR 71''
• 1980 Fly by Wire in ''Concord''
• 1955 gas turbine in warships
• 1960 nuclear powered merchant
vessel ''Arctica''
• 1986 steam turbine replaced by
diesel electric propulsion in
''Queen Elisabeth II''
• ca. 1990 use of LNG as fuel in
liquid tankers
• 1956 1st oil crisis
• 1970 2nd oil crisis
• ca. 1980 introduction of synthetic and
biogenic fuels
• ca. 1980 drilling down to 6,000 m
2000 • Improved aerodynamics
• Composite substance in
construction
• Micro controller technology
• On-board diagnosing
• DI, HCCI, combined
combustion system CCS
• Mass produced hybrid car
• Experimental electric car
• Higher temperatures and
pressures in the combustion
chamber
• Higher bypass ratio and thrust
• Satellite based navigation
• First whole plastic and CFC
material airplane
• Tendency to larger hull of
merchant vessels
• Double hull
• Fast monohull
• Ring propeller
• Linear jet
• Pod propulsion
• Decreasing SFC and exhaust gas
emissions
• Solar power
• Sky Sails
• Exploitation rates at 50% by water
injection
• Tertiary recovery methods by hot steam
and water injection with tenside mixtures
in deep soil layers
• Excessive production of biomass for BTL
worldwide
• Saving environment and resources
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