Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 18.1
History and tendencies in transportation
Year
Vehicle
Airplane
Ship
Fuel
1750 • 1765 first steam engine
• 1768 steam car for military
transport (4 km h -1 )
• 1786 steam car for
passenger transport
• 1783 flight with captive balloon
lighter than air
• 1784 hydrogen balloon crosses
the English Channel
• 1807 merchant vessel ''North
River'' with a steam engine
• 1812 steam surface condenser
with elimination of water in the
boiler
• ca. 1750 kerosene used as a lubricant
• ca. 1800 lamp oil
1850 • 1813 stationary gas engine
• 1865 two-stroke
atmospheric engine
without compression
(3 HP)
• 1878 four-stroke
compression engine
• 1887 three-wheeled car
• 1897 self ignition engine
• 1899 first commercial
vehicle
• 1852 airship with steam engine
(26 km, 85.3 ft)
• 1870 balloons used as blockade
breakers
• 1890 airplane with steam
engine (50 m, 164 ft)
• 1890 gliding flight
• ca. 1870 screw propeller
• 1877 merchant vessel ''Turbinia''
with steam turbine (103 ft,
27 kn)
• ca. 1880 higher steam pressure
• ca. 1885 multiple expansion
engine
• ca. 1890 effective transmission for
steering and propulsion
• 1857-1859 drilling for oil in Romania,
Germany and in the USA
• 1861 distillation of navy oil
• 1876 distillation of gasoline
• 1892 distillation of diesel oil
1900 • 1900 delivery open cab
truck
• 1903 mass production of
cars
• 1934 front wheel drive
• 1942 mechanical turn off
indicator with internal
light
• 1903 airplane ''Flyer'' (12 s,
53 m, i.e., 174 ft)
• 1909 crossing the English
Channel
• 1919 commercial aircraft ''F-
13''
• 1930 jet engine
• 1937 helicopter ''VS 300''
• 1939 jet aircraft ''HE-178''
• 1903 high speed liner ''Vandal''
• 1913 ''Vandal'' rebuilt as a
warship with diesel-electric
transmission
• ca. 1920 coal replaced by heavy
navy fuel oil
• ca. 1940 first ship diesel engine
• 1903 war production
• 1909 automobile market increasing
(GB used 1 million liters of gasoline per
year)
• 1939 war production
• 1945 increasing prices worldwide
(continued)
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