Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 17.2 Features of current electric motor vehicle
Type of motor
vehicle
a
BT
b
EE
c
kW
(BTU s
-1
)
AT
d
s
MS
e
km h
-1
(mi h
-1
)
OD
f
km
(mi)
EC
g
kWh (100 km)
-1
(BTU (100 km
-1
))
Car
Ni-Cd
21
(19.9)
9
90
(55.9)
80
(49.7)
18
(61.4 9 10
3
)
Car
Ni-MH
49
(46.4)
7
130
(80.8)
200
(124.3)
26
(88.7 9 10
3
)
Car
Lith.-ion
62
(58.8)
6
120
(74.6)
200
(124.3)
23
(78.5 9 10
3
)
Commercial
motor
vehicles
Lead-acid
80
(75.8)
7
120
(74.6)
90
(55.9)
35
(11.9 9 10
3
)
a
From 0 to 50 km h
-1
, i.e., from 0 to 31.1 mi h
-1
b
BT battery type
c
EE engine efficiencies
d
AT acceleration time
e
MS max. speed
f
OD operation distance
g
EC energy consumption
900.0
800.0
700.0
600.0
500.0
400.0
300.0
200.0
100.0
0.0
2010
vehicles with combustion engine
micro and mild hybrid
full hybrid
electric cars
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
year
Fig. 17.6
Predictions for future propulsion systems
17.1.2.3 Electric Recharging Stations
Optimistic predictions say that by 2030 or 2050 no more new motor vehicles will
be sold without electric or hybrid drive but in fact, the time when mass trans-
portation with new technology can achieve a leading role at a reasonable price,
seems to be very uncertain.
To supply electric cars a net of intelligent recharging stations will be necessary.
The condition and the efficiency of the battery must be measured by the recharging
stations. Future charging stations will be able to control the battery functions [
18
].
Pay stations at public parking places or at company parking lots will recharge
most electric cars. The data will be passed on to a computer for accounting by the
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