Future Transportation Systems - Decreasing Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Gas Emissions in Transportation - page 264

gear transmitter, automatic start-stop system
and V-belt drive reach a limited recovery of
the brake energy.

internal
combustion
engine

battery

transmitter

starter

automatic start-stop system and regenerative
brake energy support the electric drive battery starter

internal
combustion
engine

crankshaft-
starter

propulsion coupling

electric engine and internal combustion
engine can be connected and
disconnected by couplings

battery starter

internal
combustion
engine

crankshaft-
starter

propulsion

coupling coupling

electric engine, generator and internal
combustion engine are serially
connected

battery starter

internal
combustion
engine

electric
engine

generator

propulsion

Fig. 17.4 Basic types of hybrid technology

electric engine has an average performance of 88.2-147.1 kW (119.9-200.1 HP),
i.e., 10-15% of the internal combustion system excepted range extender tech-
nology [ 10 ].
There are micro, mild, and full hybrid vehicles; see Fig. 17.4 .