Inspection and Maintenance - Decreasing Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Gas Emissions in Transportation - page 197

Table 13.6 Goals and details of maintenance

Items Maintenance Inspection Overhauling Improvements

Aims Delay of

degradation
of the tank
through
erosion

Determination and
evaluation of the actual
conditions and causes of
wear, estimation of
consequences

Recirculation
in a useable
condition

Safety
enhancement

Activities Cleaning,

lubricating,
greasing, etc.

Visual control or measurement
with help of analyzing
technology

Exchange
or repair of
components

Guarantee of
future
function

The right planning on-board inspection and maintenance is especially important
on ships. At sea the conservation of the value of the ship and the freight is the
responsibility of the crew. Therefore, crew members must operate in an extremely
complex technical and environmental system.
In general, inspection and maintenance operations on ship have to be done
according to the requirements of the IMO, the certification society, the harbor
authorities and the manufacturer's service manuals.
The EU directive 94/57/EC, amended by 97/58/EC and 2001/105/EC regulates
the standards for inspection and supervision organizations [ 39 - 41 ].

13.5.1 Maintenance Concepts

Inspection focuses on the reliability of individual machines according to the
Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) system or on the calculation of risk
according to the Risk Based Maintenance (RBM) system [ 42 , 43 ].
On ships there is a difference between maintenance based on time and on
condition [ 44 ]. Maintenance based on time means that after a fixed runtime,
components have to be replaced. Maintenance depending on condition does not set
the overhaul time intervals, but it depends on the quality of the components.
There are three classes of ship maintenance:

• Corrective;
• Preventive; and
• Predictive.

Corrective maintenance is a repair to the system after failure if necessary.
Preventative maintenance involves the replacement of parts, adjustments of the
system or changes of the system to improve the reliability of the system and prevent
failure by staving off the effects of system aging. Predictive maintenance requires
the assessment of the system by a system expert and unscheduled maintenance has
to prevent the possibility of the failure based on unrevealed system problems.
Enforcing predictive and preventive maintenance is most effective, as the timely