Type Approval and Type Certification - Decreasing Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Gas Emissions in Transportation - page 169

Self Diagnosis
of Control Units

Type Approval
and
Type Certification

On-Board Diagnosis and
On-Board Measurement

Inspection
and
Maintenance

control
procedures

Exhaust Gas and Fuel
Consumption Test

Control of
Durability

In Use Compliance

Compliance of Production

Fig. 12.1 Main methods of quality control

12.1.1 International and National Legislation

There are many different regulations regarding exhaust gas legislation (see

Fig. 12.2 )[ 2 ].
Nowadays, the decreased emission limits increasingly determine the general
equipment of vehicles, the fuel consumption of the engines, and the quality and the
quantity of the exhaust gas after treatment systems. The worldwide limitation of
exhaust gas emissions has resulted in an average decrease in the output of
pollutants in the last decades. In new fleets, unburned hydrocarbons have been
decreased by up to 97-98%, CO, NO, and NO 2 have been reduced by up to
95-96%, and particles have been lowered by up to 90-91%.
The legislation concerning the examination of exhaust gas quality is very
similar in all countries. Classification procedures are divided into processes for
passenger cars, light, medium, and heavy-duty vehicles.

12.1.2 Cars, Light and Medium Heavy Duty Trucks

The examination is a highly complex and detailed procedure, which can only be
done in specific certified institutions.

12.1.2.1 Procedures in the EU

In the Type approval procedure, the motor vehicle is put on a roller test stand
which simulates the traction resistance on the road. The driver sees the driving
cycle with accelerating, delaying, braking and stopping. Exhaust gas samples are
collected in Teflon bags. Constant Volume Sampling (CVS) technology is used to
achieve a constant flow rate of the diluted exhaust gas and to avoid condensation
of water vapor in the sample [ 3 ].