Vehicle Engines - Decreasing Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Gas Emissions in Transportation - page 133

Table 9.1 System of combustion engines
Kind of procedure Open procedure Closed procedure

Internal combustion External combustion

Combustion gas equals to working medium Combustion gas does

not equal to
working medium

Kind of combustion Cyclic combustion Continuous combustion

Ignition Self ignition Spark ignition

Kind of engine Engine Diesel Hybrid Otto Rohr Stirling Steam

Turbine - - - Gas Hot air Steam

Kind of mixture Heterogenic Homogenic Heterogenic

(in continuous flame)

fuel and emission
management a “green product“

construction of

extension of preventive
inspection and maintenance
measures

micro sensors
and actuators

engine

data transmission
to a central control

on-board monitoring

high level of safety on-board diagnosis

Fig. 9.1 Requirements for engine systems

gasoline

engines

fuel

diesel combustion engine electric engine

gas

CNG

spark
ignition

self
ignition

lead-
acid

nickel-
cadmium

lithium-
ion

LNG

hybrid engine

LPG

full mild plug in

Fig. 9.2 Basic technical variants of engines

.

Besides combustion engines, more and more electric engines are being used in
transportation.
Figure 9.2 shows the technical variants of the basic principle of operation [ 6 ].
The most important vehicle types in transportation, depending on engine type, are:

• Combustion engine vehicles (CEV);
• Plug-in hybrid engine vehicles which are the combination of a CE and a battery
or a fuel cell driven electric engine (EE);