Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fast running diesel-electric systems are gaining more and more importance,
although they have a higher SFC than slow running two-stroke diesel engines.
Their advantage is the wide ranged variability in the construction, the relative
freedom for increasing and decreasing the number of aggregates, and the low
concentration of pollutants in the exhaust gases. The construction with diesel-
electric system makes it possible to optimize the external aerodynamic design and
internal space construction of the ship, because they are small and systems can be
decentrally placed in the hull, contrary to the high pace demand of two-stroke
crosshead diesel engines.
There are many variations of propeller systems, including twin and contra-
rotating, variable pitch, and nozzle-style propellers. Smaller vessels tend to use a
single propeller. Aircraft carriers use up to four propellers, supplemented by bow-
thrusters and stern-thrusters.
Apart from the number of propellers, power is transmitted from the engine to
the propeller by a propeller shaft, which may or may not be connected to a
gearbox. There is a growing tendency in the use of large propellers, carbon fiber
strengthened plastic propellers, pod propulsion systems, linear jets, and ring
propellers.
References
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3. Physics in an automotive engine. http://www.mb-soft.com/public2/engine.html
4. Rev
matching
and
gear
shifting.
http://www.drivingfast.net/car-control/rev-
matching.htm#axzz1aNewsm4t
5. Schallaböck KO, Fischedick M, Brouns B, Luhmann HJ, Merten F, Ott HE, Patowsky A,
Venjacob J, Klimawirksame Emissionen des PKW-Verkehrs. Wuppertal Institut für Klima,
Umwelt und Energie. ISBN-10: 3-929944-72-3
6. Apparatus for controlling auxiliary equipment driven by an internal combustion engine.
Patent 5924406. http://www.patentgenius.com/patent/5924406.html
7. Phase change material. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-change_material
8. Light-emitting diodes. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode
9. Edinger R, Kraul S (2003) Sustainable mobility: renewable energies for powering fuel cell
vehicles. Greenwood Publishing Group, Consumption and Emissions, pp 18. ISBN-10:
1-56720-484-8
10. Fuel economy maximizing behaviors. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_economy-maximizing_
behaviors
11. Thermal efficiency. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_efficiency
12. Volkswagen: Save as you drive. March 2009. Article No. 960.1606.02.18
13. Hünecke K (2008) Die Technik des modernen Verkehrsflugzeuges, 1st edn. Motorbuch
Verlag, Stuttgart. ISBN-13: 9789-3-613-02895-8
14. Leiser, weiter, sparsamer. Luftfahrt. Der Spiegel Hamburg. 02/2009. pp 113-114. http://
www.spiegel.de
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