Agriculture Reference
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NUE as well as NDS in groundnut at 1.0 kg ha 1 B supply. Other levels of B treatment
did not significantly increase the uptake of nutrients in groundnut. The same trend of
nutrient uptake by plants at different levels of applied B has also been reported by
Nadia et al. ( 2006 ) and 200 ppm B sprayed on groundnut plant showed an increase in
uptake of N, P, K and Fe, Mn and Zn. The highest value of yield and yield components
were received from the plant treated with 200 ppm B (Nadia et al. 2006 ). Leaf
venation, xylem stream, and transpiration are the primarily factors involved in the
accumulation of B in leaves (Oertli and Richardson 1970 ; Shelp and Shattuck 1987 ).
These results are similar to the observations of McIlrath et al. ( 1960 ). It has been
suggested that selected nutrients in the soil have antagonist and/or synergistic effect
on the uptake of other nutrients by roots of developing plants (Malvi 2011 ). More-
over, B interactions, either synergistic and/or antagonistic, may affect plant nutrition
under both deficiencies as well as in toxic conditions (Tariq and Mott 2007 ).
Deficiency, sufficiency and toxicity of B may exert an effect on mineral nutrient
content of plants but such an interaction has not been well studied or reported. The
results of many reports in this direction are conflicting, which may be due to
different experimental systems with different crop plants and varieties (Lombin
and Bates 1982 ; Mozafar 1989 ). B is directly or indirectly involved in many
physiological and biochemical processes and may affect other plant nutrients
(Bola˜os et al. 2004 ). Therefore, one might expect relationships between B and
other nutrient utilization to be very complex. Examples of effects of B on avail-
ability and uptake of plant nutrients other than B are described below.
Parks et al. ( 1944 ) were the first researchers who reported that with graded B
levels, the concentrations of NH 4 -N, NO 3 -N, Org-N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Cu, Fe,
Mn, Mo and B were altered in the tomato leaflets as much as several-fold. In
addition, they stated that B supply had specific effects, and the trends found were
completely dissimilar with respect to different elements. In the absence of B, the
concentrations of N, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cu and Mn in tobacco leaves were increased
and the concentrations of P, Fe and Al were decreased as compared to plants fed
with a B adequate nutrient solution (Steinburg et al. 1955 ).
Baker and Cook ( 1959 ) reported that P, K and Mg were higher and Ca was lower
in severely B deficient alfalfa plants compared to healthy plants, perhaps due to the
dilution effect which occurred in the healthy plants. In increasing B conditions, the
concentration of Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and B were increasing in perennial fodder grass,
but the reverse trend occurred in the case of uptake and ash content for
micronutrients accept B (Mcllarth et al. 1960 ). Cu and K content in grass showed
highly significant positive correlations, while Ca and Mg contents showed negative
correlations with B contents for 98 grasses at the flowering stage when grown in
increasing B nutrition (Tolgyesi and Kozma 1974 ). Touchton and Boswell ( 1975 )
observed that P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo and Al concentrations varied
slightly with location, but were not affected by the method or rate of B application.
Only the B concentration in tissues was significantly increased with regard to
method rate and location. Increasing B nutrition enhanced phytotoxicity and
some interactions among nutrients due to increased concentrations of Zn, Cu, Fe
and Mn in the leaves, stem and roots of bush bean plants (Wallace et al. 1977 ). But
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