Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 21
In Situ Remediation Technologies
Tim J.T.C. Grotenhuis and Huub H.H.M. Rijnaarts
Abstract
A summary of two decades of developments of In Situ remediation is
presented in this chapter. The basic principles of In Situ technology application are
addressed, such as equilibrium relations between contaminant phases, factors con-
trolling biological and geochemical processes, contaminant characteristics affecting
reductive and oxidative conversion parameters and chemical and biological avail-
ability. A wide range of In Situ technologies are discussed within the framework
of Risk Management. Technologies can be oriented at contaminant sources, migra-
tion pathways or at the receptors. Integration of In Situ technologies in sustainable
Risk Management approaches is further evaluated relating to the latest concepts
and frameworks. Examples are given of application of In Situ technologies in Risk
Management approaches, including those for large scale contaminated Megasites.
In the future, one can foresee the rise of combined sustainable technologies for soil,
groundwater, surface water and energy.
Contents
21.1 Introduction
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950
21.1.1 Background of In Situ Remediation
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950
21.1.2 Scope
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951
21.2 In Situ Remediation Technologies
.............................
952
21.2.1 Principles
.......................................
952
21.2.2 In Situ Technologies
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961
21.3 Integration of In Situ Technologies in Risk Management
................
967
21.3.1 Risk Management Concepts and Frameworks
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967
21.3.2 Risk Management Application
...........................
969
21.3.3 Risk Management at Contaminated Megasites
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970
21.4 Outlook
.............................................
973
References
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974
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