Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Contents
17.1 Introduction
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750
17.1.1 Subsurface Water
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750
17.1.2 Terminology
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753
17.1.3 Groundwater Quality
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754
17.1.4 Scope of the “Groundwater-Related Aspects (Part V)”
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756
17.2 Groundwater as Protection Target
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758
17.2.1 Human Use
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758
17.2.2 Ecological Habitat Function
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760
17.2.3 Intrinsic Value
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760
17.2.4 Sustainability
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761
17.2.5 Appreciation
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762
17.3 Groundwater as Contaminant Pathway
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765
17.3.1 Source-Pathway-Receptor Approach
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765
17.3.2 Transport Characteristics
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766
17.4 Calculating Contaminant Transport
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768
17.4.1 Conceptual Models
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768
17.4.2 Mathematical Models
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769
17.4.3 Reliability of Model Calculations
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771
17.4.4 Good Modelling Practice
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774
17.5 Risk Management
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776
17.5.1 Scope
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776
17.5.2 Natural Attenuation
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776
17.5.3 Regional Approaches
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777
17.6 Sampling and Monitoring
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777
17.6.1 Purpose
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777
17.6.2 Groundwater Concentration Pattern
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777
17.6.3 Lysimeters and Column Experiments
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778
17.7 A Closer look into Groundwater-Related Risk Assessment
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779
17.7.1 Impact of Climate Change
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779
17.7.2 Mingling Groundwater Plumes
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780
17.7.3 Risk Perception and Communication
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781
17.7.4 European Water Framework Directive and Groundwater Daughter
Directive
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781
17.8 Site-Specific Assessment of Exposure Through Contaminant Transport
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782
References
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782
17.1 Introduction
17.1.1 Subsurface Water
Groundwater is water beneath the earth's surface. It encompasses the largest amount
of fresh water in the world, in fact a much greater portion than is stored in surface
waters, that is, lakes and rivers combined. This groundwater is found everywhere
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