Hazard Assessment and Contaminated Sites - Dealing with Contaminated Sites: From Theory Towards Practical Application - page 519

PTWI Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (WHO)

Q 1 ∗ The 95% upper confidence limit of the slope estimate used for the

linear multi-stage model

R f D Reference Dose (US EPA)

TDI Tolerable Daily Intake (WHO)

US EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency

WHO World Health Organization

12.1 Hazard Assessment and Contaminated Sites

Hazard Assessment is a key component of Human Health Risk Assessment and is
comprised of the steps of Hazard Identification and Dose-response Assessment .
The relationships between the components of Human Health Risk Assessment
are detailed in Fig. 12.1 , which also demonstrates the overlap with Risk
Management.
Hazard Identification involves determining:

• what types of (adverse) health effects might be caused by the contaminant; and

• how quickly the adverse health effects might be experienced and their duration

(Health Canada 1999).

The data for Hazard Identification will come from a range of toxicological and
epidemiological sources. The toxicological sources may include in vitro, animal,

Issue Identification

Hazard Assessment Exposure

Assessment

Hazard
Identification

Dose-
response
Assessment

Risk Characterisation

Fig. 12.1 Relationships of
human health Risk
Assessment and risk
management

Risk Management