Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 6.2
(continued)
Mean
ingestion
rate (mg/d)
(
∗
)
Median
ingestion
rate (mg/d)
(
∗
)
Data
used
Number of
children
Age
(years)
Season/
climate
References
Area
Duration
Method
Clausing
et al.
(
1987
)
Clausing
et al.
(
1987
)
18 (school)
+ 6 (hos-
pitalised,
bedrid-
den)
children
2-4
56
82
Children attending
the same
nursery school
in the
Netherlands
Temperate climate 5-day period
No correction for tracer
elements in foods or
medicines; hospitalised,
bedridden children served as
a control group, representing
children who had very
limited access to soil
Calabrese
et al.
(
1989
)
Calabrese
et al.
(
1989
)
64
1-4
131
26
Greater Amherst,
MA
Cold winters,
moderate
summers
8 days spread
over 2 weeks
Correction for tracer elements
in food, beverages,
medicines, and vitamins;
collection of soil and dust
samples
Stanek and
Calabrese
(
1995a
)
179
45
Idem Calabrese et al. (
1989
)+
linking the physical passage
of food and faecal samples;
distribution of soil ingestion
projected over a period of
365 days
Calabrese
and
Stanek
(
1992
)
Idem Calabrese et al. (
1989
)+
estimation of the amount of
outdoor soil in indoor dust
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