In Situ Remediation Technologies - Dealing with Contaminated Sites: From Theory Towards Practical Application - page 972

Effect of mixed strategy
(impact on 2nd plane of compliance)

14

12

10

Scenarios

Autonomous
mixed
strategy A
mixed
strategy B
mixed
strategy C

8

13.3 M /y

6

active measures start in 2005

4

14.9 M /y

2

0

1980 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

Time (years)

Fig. 21.10 Area of aquifer of The Rotterdam Harbour (in % of total area) that exceeds the
Intervention Value as a function of time for three remediation and management scenarios, as an
example of cost-efficiency assessment

the management scenario, to fill previously defined data gaps and to carry out further
site investigations to reduce uncertainties in the information on which the scenario
is based. Adjustments of the management plan, on the basis of new information, are
foreseen in the implementation phase.

21.4 Outlook

Remediation needs to be further placed in the framework of sustainable Risk
Management. More developed methods for cost-benefit assessments are needed to
evaluate different remediation approaches and technologies. Conventional remedi-
ation techniques need more energy than In Situ technologies and the associated
production of CO 2 has raised doubts about their overall sustainability. The intro-
duction of green remediation approaches can significantly boost the sustainability of
regional management of soil, sediment, water and groundwater quality (see Chapter
20 by Bardos et al., this topic). For Megasites like the Port of Rotterdam, and urban
regions, the key to this ambition lies in combining parallel goals for energy and
water. For instance it is possible to effectively combine industrial water use and
industrial heat surplus with the remediation of contaminated groundwater. In urban
regions aquifer thermal energy storage can be combined with remediation. This will
lead to both an improvement of the groundwater quality and a reduction of energy
use and CO 2 emissions.
Soil, water, sediment and groundwater quality management, including Risk
Based In Situ remediation, is likely to become much more efficient when placed