Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Model prediction applications. Climate forecasts both short and long term have
tremendous potential benefits for society. Accurate seasonal forecasts of winter
storms, summer droughts and floods, and hurricane frequencies will result in
substantial savings and in reduction of damaged properties and loss of human
life. Skilful prediction of El Ni˜o using coupled ocean-atmosphere models has
resulted in limiting its adverse impacts on food production and fisheries by
advanced planning, and implementation of mitigating measures in many regions
around the world. To realize the full benefit of climate forecasts, climate models
should be coupled with cost and risk models for agriculture, food production, water
resource management, and other societal applications, to reduce vulnerabilities to
natural hazards and climate change.
9.5 Acknowledgment
This work is supported by the Global Modeling and Analysis Program of the
NASA Earth Science Office.
9.6 Examples of climate modeling websites
The Hadley Centre, part of the Met office in the United Kingdom, has many
good examples of climate models and their results, www.metoffice.com/
research/hadleycentre/models/modeltypes.html.
The Division of Marine and Atmospheric Research in Australia's
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial ResearchOrganisation (CSIRO) mod-
els global and Southern Hemisphere climate, www.dar.csiro.au/earthsystems/.
The Climate Modeling and Diagnostics Group at Columbia University,
USA, models past and present climate distributions and variations, http://
rainbow.ldeo.columbia.edu/.
The Climate Modeling Section of the National Center for Atmospheric
Research (USA) simulates future climates and potential social impacts of
climate variability and change, www.cgd.ucar.edu/cms/.
Regional climate variations are modeled through the Canadian Regional
Climate Modelling Network, based at the University of Quebec in Montreal,
www.mrcc.uqam.ca/E_v/index_e.html.
There is a wide variety of climate modeling websites from universities and
government research and forecasting agencies, all over the world.
9.7 References
Bengtsson, L. and Simmons, A. J., 1983. Medium range weather prediction - operational
experience at ECMWF. In B. J. Hoskins and R. P. Pearce, eds., Large-Scale
Dynamical Processes in the Atmosphere. Academic Press, pp. 337-63.
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