Geoscience Reference
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Figure 9.10 Scatter plots showing the distribution of anomalous precipitation vs. the Southern Oscillation Index for (a) the
entire AMmonsoon region, (b) the South Asian Monsoon region, (c) the Maritime Continent (MC), and (d) the South East
Asian Monsoon region. The latitude-longitude boundary of each domain is indicated. Unit for precipitation is mm/day and
for SOI is in mb. For color version see Plate 8 .
El Ni˜o in these two monsoon subregions, in agreement with observations.
The observed AM anomalies represent only a single realization drawn from
an intrinsic distribution effected by SST forcings identical to the 1997-8
El Ni ˜ o. To the extent that the model can mimic the real climate, the cluster of
model climate states around the observation provides a measure of that
intrinsic distribution. AMIP results suggest that models that simulate well
the seasonal cycle are a prerequisite for better simulation of the interannual
variability of AM rainfall.
9.3.4 Intraseasonal variability
One of the key characteristics of the AM is the presence of a rich spectrum of
subseasonal-scale variability, generally referred to as intraseasonal variability.
These include quasi-periodic oscillations of 30-60 days, or 10-20 days and
transient waves of 3-5 days. The intraseasonal variability is generated by
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