Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
government support, help overcome difficulties caused by hazardous weather.
However, the society must be flexible enough to adjust to changes in food costs,
scarcity, economic inflation, and rising insurance premiums. These interactions
are very complex, and actions by governments that are seen as unsupportive by
the population can have significant political consequences.
8.6 Examples of climate and history websites
The US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration provides
links between past Holocene climate periods and variability of climate and
drought, www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/ctl/resources1000.html.
The report of the UNEP and WMO Climate Change working group in 2001
includes some analysis of the Little Ice Age and the Medieval Warm Period,
www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/070.htm.
A global summary of the Little Ice Age and the Medieval Warm Period plus
some very useful references are on the website of the Center for the Study of
Carbon Dioxide and Global Change, www.co2science.org/subject/l/summaries/
lianglobal.htm, europemwp.htm.
A report on a 2003 conference on climate of the last millennium, including
papers by various authors is on Professor Stephen Schneider's (Stanford University)
website, for example http://stephenschneider.stanford.edu/publications/pdf_papers/
bradley.pdf.
A useful and colorful summary of the Viking migrations during the Medieval
Warm Period, and the Little Ice Age, is available at www2.sunysuffolk.edu/
mandias/lia/index.html. This website was created by Professor Scott Mandia at
State University of New York in Suffolk.
Warning: There are a large number of websites with links to the LIA and
MWP periods. Unfortunately, many of these are used politically to argue about
greenhouse warming. Many have incorrect information.
8.7 References
Bokwa, A., Linan´wka, D. and Wibig, J., 2001. Preinstrumental weather observations in
Poland in the 16th and 17th centuries. In P. Jones, A. Oglivie, T. Davies and K. Briffa,
eds., History and Climate - Memories of the Future. New York: Kluwer, pp. 9-27.
Brown, N., 2001. History and Climate Change: A Eurocentric Perspective. London: Routledge.
Bruce, J. F., Burton, I. and Egener, T., 1999. Disaster Mitigation and Preparedness in a
Changing Climate. Research Paper 3, Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction, Toronto.
Burroughs, W. J., 1997. Does the Weather Really Matter? Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Changnon, S. A., 1996. Losers and winners: A summary of the flood's impacts. In
S. A. Changnon, ed., The Great Flood of 1993. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, pp. 276-299.
1999a. Factors affecting temporal fluctuations in damaging storm activity in the U.S. based
on insurance data. Meteorological Applications, 6, 1-10.
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