Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
PDO
IPO
LF SST EOF 3, explains 2.9% of total variance
(a)
90
N
60
N
5
30
N
-15
-5
0
5
0
-5
0
-10
-15
10
-10
5
0
30
S
0
-10
0
-5
60
S
90
S
180
120
W60
W
0
60
E
120
E
120
E
(b)
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
80
°
N
80
°
N
40
°
N
40
°
N
0
°
0
°
40
°
S
40
°
S
80
°
S
80°
S
100°
W
0°
E
100°
E
100
°
W
0
°
E
100
°
E
LONGITUDE
LONGITUDE
POSITIVE IPO AND EL NIÑO
NEGATIVE IPO AND EL NIÑO
Plate 4 (a) Spatial pattern of near-global SSTs indicative of the PDO and IPO phenomena. The PDO diagram is from http://
www.iphc.washington.edu/Staff/hare/html/decadal/decadal.html and the IPO panel is the second EOF pattern from the
analysis of Folland et al.(
1999
). (b) Probability of exceeding median October-December rainfall over the globe during El Ni˜o
events with positive (left panel) and negative (right panel) IPO phase in the previous September. (Derived from the work of
Meinke et al.
2001
)
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