Travel Reference
In-Depth Information
Saudi Arabia, and unvaccinated individuals will receive vaccinations before being admit-
ted. Vaccination is recommended for India and Nepal.
Figure 5-2. The sub-Saharan meningitis belt
2
The older vaccine licensed in the United States, Menomune® A, C, Y, W-135, is com-
posed of capsular polysaccharide antigens from those four serogroups. A new quadrivalent
A/C/Y/W-135® meningococcal conjugate vaccine, Menactra®, was licensed in the United
States in January 2005 for use among persons eleven to fifty-five years old. In 2007 it was
approved for persons two through ten years old. This vaccine is safe and immunogenic, is
considered somewhat superior to the older vaccine, and is expected to offer a longer dura-
tion of protection.
Vaccination consists of a single subcutaneous injection of vaccine and is effective for
three years. Vaccination can be administered at the same time as other vaccines but in a
different deltoid or gluteal subcutaneous site.
Poliomyelitis
Poliomyelitis (polio) has been eradicated in most of the world and in a few years is ex-
pected to be eliminated worldwide following a vaccination campaign carried out by the
World Health Organization (WHO) with financial support from Rotary International. In
June 2008, the WHO reported 251 infections in India, mostly northern India, and 3 infec-
tions in Nepal.
Vaccination of children is still recommended in the United States, but oral (Sabin) polio
vaccinehasnotbeenavailablesincetheyear2000becauserarecasesofparalyticpoliofol-
lowed its administration.
Adults who are traveling to areas where poliomyelitis is still occurring and who are un-
vaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or whose vaccination status is unknown, should re-
ceive inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). Two doses should be administered at intervals of
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