Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
The object of the chapter - is to show those
general properties of I&C systems and their
central equipment (software-hardware complex
- SHC) and peripheral equipment, used during
NPP automation, that provide functional safety
of these systems.
International industrial standards (IEC,
2001a-IEC,2001g; IEC 2002a- IEC
2002c; IEC 2004; IEC 2005b; IEC 2006a;
International Special Committee on Radio
Interference- CISPR 2006 and ISO 2000).
State standards of Ukraine (DSTU ІЕС,
DSTU CISPR, DSTU ISO), identical with
relevant international standards.
BACKGROUND
Conformance to requirements of these docu-
ments, reflecting long-term national and foreign
experience in standardization, assurance and as-
sessment of safety of systems and their components
applied in NPP, was supervised by State Nuclear
Regulatory Authority of Ukraine and considered
as one of the main conditions for issuing a permit
for manufacturing and implementation of safety
important I&C systems.
It should be noted that regulations NP, 2000 и
NP, 2008,a in force are currently revised for har-
monization with requirements of new international
standards (IAEA, 2011,a; IAEA 2012, etc.), and
also with regard to results of practical application
and suggestions of interested organizations and
NPPs for their improvement. Supposed changes
were considered as far as possible in this chapter
(and further chapters of the topic).
Experience of international society in NPP safety
assurance, including functional safety of I&C
systems, accumulated in requirements of national
and international regulations, rules and standards
of nuclear safety and was considered during the
large-scale modernization, carried out at all Ukrai-
nian NPPs within programs of safety improvement
and extension of service life of operating power
units. These activities contributed to accumula-
tion of Ukrainian own experience in standardiza-
tion, assurance and assess of functional safety
(further - safety) of I&C systems, implemented
using up-to-date technologies, modern electronic
components and computing technology, optic
communication networks, computer facilities for
diagnostic, display, archiving, etc.
The properties of safety important I&C systems
and their components that are described further are
determined by the applied requirements (Figure 1):
FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES
Regulations, rules and standards of nuclear
and radiation safety in force in Ukraine
(NP 1999; NP, 2000; NP, 2003a; NP,
2003b; NP, 2005; NP, 2008a; NP, 2008,
IEC, 2006b; NAPB, 2000; PNAE, 1987).
According to IEC, 2011 functions, systems and
equipment of the NPP may be considered from
two points of view - functional and system.
Functional Point of View
Safety standards of the International
Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA, 2000;
IAEA, 2002a; IAEA, 2011a; IAEA, 2012).
This point of view illustrated in Figure 2 considers
only the functions to be performed. Instrumenta-
tion and control (I&C) function is determined as a
specific objective that should be reached without
mentioning physical means for its achievement.
This concept is applied by production engineers to
formulate a general task for the whole set of NPP
Standards of the International
Electrotechnical Commission, applicable
to Instrumentation and control systems,
important to NPPs safety (IEC, 1996;
IEC, 1998; IEC, 2005a; IEC, 2007a; IEC,
2007b; IEC, 2011).
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