Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).
Several FPGA-based systems, considered
in further chapters, were developed.
2. Because of the wide use of digital I&C
systems at NPPs the issues of cyber security
should be taken into account in the process
of development, implementation, operation
and safety assessment of these systems. Thus,
the important directions for future research
are:
a. Analysis of international experience
in the field of cyber security.
b. Development of requirements on cy-
ber security and including them into
international and national standards
and regulations.
c. Implementation of cyber security
measures in NPP I&C systems for
prevention of malicious unauthorized
access, modification or damage of data
and software, which could lead to ac-
cident, incorrect operation or loss of
important information.
d. Development of methods for assess-
ment of safety, completeness and cor-
rectness of cyber security measures in
the process of the licensing process.
b. Development of methods for captur-
ing, documenting and saving the tacit
knowledge of experts in field of I&C.
c. Permanent training and tutoring for
transfer of knowledge from experi-
enced experts to young specialists.
d. Development of national and interna-
tional knowledge portals at NPP I&C
for improving the cooperation between
the different organization.
Some issues of knowledge management are
considered below.
4. One of the research trends, dictated by
effects of accident at NPP Fukushima, is
the development of sensors able to sustain
extreme environmental impacts, in case of
accidents inside the reactor containment.
These sensors are required to be qualified
under conditions of high temperature, high
radiation, and aggressive environment.
5. Application of wireless sensors, decreasing
costs for routing and maintenance of cables.
There are the following problems:
a. Resistance of wireless devices to elec-
tromagnetic and radio frequency noise.
b. Cyber security in case of unauthorized
access to wireless channels, transmit-
ting information from the outside, for
interception, blocking, intentional dis-
tortion of signals or output of spurious
signals to receivers.
Some issues of cyber security are considered
below.
3. Aging of specialist and loss of knowledge are
the actual problems in the field of NPP I&C.
It is important to implement the knowledge
management into activity of organizations
that design, manufacture, operate or make
safety assessment of NPP I&C systems. It
should include the following:
c.
Integration of wireless equipment with
current instrumentation and control
systems and communication networks,
etc.
CONCLUSION
a. Development and implementation of
the knowledge management program
in each organization which involved
into activity in the field of NPP I&C.
Chapter 1 contains common information about
I&C systems and their functions, safety and safety
related (normal operation) systems, components of
I&C systems (central part, peripheral equipment,
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