Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
interference to information circuits and power
circuits; magnetic fields of industrial frequency,
resistance to radiation radio frequency interfer-
ence, dynamic changes of electric power supply
voltage, pulse magnetic fields, brief sinusoidal
microsecond pulse interference in protection and
signal grounding circuits.
Protection from unauthorized access is assured
in SPDS: by introducing identification codes,
which determine authorities of users and list of
devices and functions, which are accessible to each
of them; archiving and recording of all personnel
actions, which are connected with the chains of
software and database; use of passwords (codes)
for permission to the most critical actions; use of
special locks on doors of supporting structures
and their seals.
Implementation of this project required the
combined efforts of several organizations (Figure
4). Each of the participating organizations had
performed the following tasks in the successful
implementation of the whole program.
From the American party, the following orga-
nizations participated in the work:
•
US Department of Energy:
Sponsor of
whole program;
•
Paciic Northwest National Laboratory:
Project management and general manage-
ment for all contracts in Ukraine;
•
“Burns and Roe”:
Technical management
of project, signing of contracts with vendor
SPDS;
•
“Westinghouse Electric Co.”
: Vendor
of computer equipment and components
of hardware, basic application software,
system software, instrumentation tools to
Ukraine.
IMPLEMENTATION OF
SPDS PROJECT
The SPDS project was implemented for all
11 WWER-1000 units of Ukrainian NPPs in
compliance with the “Agreement between the
Government of the United States and the Govern-
ment of Ukraine Concerning Operational Safety
Enhancement, Risk Reduction Measures and
Nuclear Safety Regulation for Civilian Nuclear
Facilities in Ukraine.”
The complexity of implementation of the
plan, which embraces SPDS at all WWER-1000
generating units, was determined by the follow-
ing circumstances: large number of systems are
being introduced; lack of SPDS at nuclear power
plants of Ukraine with WWER-1000 reactors and,
consequently, difficulties in determining the goals
and tasks of the system; lack of regulatory docu-
ments that are in effect in Ukraine, which contain
requirements for SPDS; differences in safety clas-
sification and in general regulatory requirements
for safety in Ukraine and in the United States; need
to develop the functional design used in SPDS.
From Ukrainian party, the following organiza-
tions participated in the work:
•
National Nuclear Energy Generating
Company (NNEGC) “Energoatom”:
Organization management of installation
and commissioning, development of input
data on the functional part of the projects
(work management of the group of func-
tional design), organization of the training
of NPP personnel;
•
Consortium (LLC) “Westron”:
Designer
of technical project SPDS, digital channel
SPDS with unit I&C systems, integration
and testing tasks SPDS equipment, pro-
gramming of video frames, original appli-
cation and coniguring of basic software,
training NPP personnel operation and ser-
vice of hardware and software, backup ser-
vice SPDS over a period of operation;
•
Kharkov and Kiev Institutes
“Energoprojekt”:
Development of con-
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