Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
use of an action plan for TMI to improve safety of
nuclear power plants. This report sets the founda-
tion for the safety parameter display system and
the concept of critical safety functions. The basic
function of SPDS is to assist the operator in quickly
determining abnormal operating conditions.
Joint international safety analyses of Soviet-
produced reactors revealed the existence of safety
deficits in the man-machine interface for the
WWER units.
5. To evaluate the need for corrective actions,
which are aimed at prevention and alleviat-
ing design and accidents.
The advantages of presenting information in
the SPDS are the following: information distrib-
uted to the modular control panel is presented
in concentrated form and in a single system; the
operator can use associative thinking, and not com-
plex computing operations and analysis to make
decisions in stressful situations; the SPDS directly
presents to the operator values of safety margins
for changing parameters up to the emergency pro-
tection initiating settings; it concentrates a large
amount of information, using special techniques
of image displays, thereby making the information
perception process simpler and quicker.
Because of significant differences of the limits
for normal and safe operating conditions before
and after shutdown of a reactor, the SPDS employs
three upper level polarographic video frames.
The polarographic video frame “narrow range”
is intended to monitor deviations in the production
process from normal operation and to evaluate
safety and integrity of protective barriers from
radioactive releases of the reactor unit in full
power operating modes. The video frame offers
assistance to the operator in eliminating the reason
of a normal operation deviation.
The polarographic video frame “wide range” is
used to monitor safety and integrity of protective
barriers from radioactive releases in all modes
after shutdown of the reactor unit. The video
frame helps the operator in preventing worsening
of normal operational deviation.
The polarographic video frame “cold shut-
down” is used to monitor safety of the reactor unit
and integrity of protective barriers from radioac-
tive releases in cold shutdown mode, including
fuel reloading mode.
An example of polarographic video frame of
the SPDS (narrow range) is shown in Figure 1.
State of limiting systems, radioactivity, neutron
PURPOSE AND FUNCTIONS
The goal of SPDS introduction was improvement
of safety, reliability and efficiency of operation of
nuclear power plant units by offering information
support to main control room personnel and other
technical personnel of NPP in evaluating the safety
state in the unit by virtue of continuous monitoring
of important parameters of the unit or calculating
variables, which represent the safety condition of
the unit. The main purpose of the SPDS is to offer
assistance to the operator in quickly determining
deviations in unit operation.
In this case the SPDS can be used to analyze
and diagnose causes of the onset of disturbances
in operation of the generating unit, and to identify
corrective actions.
The SPDS offers information support to the
operator during normal operation of the nuclear
power plant and during emergencies:
1. To evaluate the ongoing condition of nuclear
power plant safety;
2. To evaluate safety margins and conditions of
operation before triggering reactor protection
system;
3. To evaluate the state of limits and safety
conditions of operation after initiation of
protection and other safety systems;
4. To evaluate effectiveness of the operation
of protection and other safety systems;
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