Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
• Increase of equipment resistance to exter-
nal impacts;
• Increase of accuracy and time response in
the control and checking processes;
• Decrease of time for modernization during
unit shutdown for maintenance;
• Improvement of operator information sup-
port as well as visualization of technologi-
cal processes and parameters;
• Improvement of diagnostic functions for
I&C systems and technological equipment;
• Decrease of contacts and clip connections
by more than 10 times because of high lev-
el of integration and iber-optic lines;
of their effects. Systems and equipment of MCR
(Figure 4) provide operational personnel with
complete, clear, timely and easily visible infor-
mation and required facilities of manual control,
input of commands and guidelines, which allow:
• Monitoring and assessing state and opera-
tion of technological systems and equip-
ment, eiciently and safely controlling
power unit in all speciied operation modes.
• Timely detecting violations of operational
limits and normal operation conditions,
their causes and taking measures for keep-
ing power unit in a safety state.
• Monitoring and assessing actions of tech-
nological and control safety systems in
cabinet of violations of operational limits
and normal operation conditions and if re-
quired - manually prevent these violations.
•
Compliance with requirements of interna-
tional safety codes, guides and standards.
OVERALL I&C SYSTEM
•
Taking required measures for return of a
power unit in a safety controlled state after
design basis accidents and / or mitigation
of efects of severe accidents.
Figure 3 shows a general scheme, according to
which the overall I&C system of power units
with WWER-1000 reactors operated at Ukrainian
NPPs.
At a low level, peripheral hardware takes place:
Peripheral equipment of I&C systems is
placed at MCR: display and registration equip-
ment (quasi-analog indicators, self-recording
instruments, numerical indicators, liquid-crystal
and / or plasma board monitors, etc); personnel
warning facilities (visual and audio alarms, mne-
monic diagrams); manual control elements (keys,
keyboard, manipulators, facilities of set-points
specification, mode switches, etc.). Here on the
basis of peripheral equipment of computer infor-
mation system are also assembled workstations,
from which operational personnel of the power
unit (unit shift supervisor, reactor control senior
engineer, turbine control senior engineer) perform
the following actions:
• Sensors (S) of heat engineering, mechani-
cal, electric, neutron-physical values (pa-
rameters, describing behaviors of techno-
logical processes), external and internal
events and states of technological equip-
ment, as well as normalizing transducers
and multiplicators of continuous and dis-
crete sensors' signals (not shown in Figure
3).
• Actuators (A), which directly inluence on
actuator elements of technological equip-
ment - piping valves (laps, shutters, regu-
lating valves), electric engines, servomo-
tors, etc.
•
Controls technological processes and states
of technological systems and equipment.
Main control room (MCR)
is a center of power
unit operational control in operating states, acci-
dent control (at least at initial stages) and mitigation
•
Changes power unit operating modes.
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