Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
• High reliability of component parts (elec-
tronic components and computer technol-
ogy), having a crucial inluence on the
reliability of devices and systems based
on them, which can be applied for solving
more responsible tasks related to safety
assurance.
• A high degree of integration of applied
electronic components, which allows a
signiicant decrease in the number of com-
ponents and use simple connections be-
tween them, that also facilitate the increase
of reliability while the requirements on
functionality are complied with (or even
ampliied).
• Continuous decrease of the relative value
of component parts allows signiicantly
improvement of functional capabilities and
characteristics of designed systems, with-
out exceeding the limits of accepted costs.
• One of the results is a possibility of wider
use of redundancy, including structures
with multiple redundancy, performing log-
ic conditions “two-out-of-three,” “two-out-
of-four,” etc., which were earlier used only
in the most responsible cases.
• Simplicity of software modiication deter-
mines the required lexibility of I&C sys-
tems, allowing adapt of one and the same
hardware for solving diferent tasks of
control and management by means of soft-
ware, development of functional capabili-
ties, change of system characteristics in the
process of operation, etc.
• Adoption of high quality means of manual
input and display of information (wide-
screen liquid-crystal monitors with high
resolution, touch panels, keyboards, ma-
nipulators, etc.) and software developed
for them allow implementing “friendly”
human-machine interfaces, comparable by
functionality and usability with those that
have already become common for up-to-
date computers, in I&C systems.
• Use of local computer networks and rele-
vant network equipment for data exchange
between devices included in individual
I&C system and also between component
parts of the overall I&C systems promotes
signiicant saving of cable products, de-
creases labor expenditures of mounting,
adjustment and maintenance, allows a high
speed of transfer and required reliability
of messages with their transfer over iber-
optic lines, as well as required noise immu-
nity of transfer in the electromagnetic envi-
ronment typical for industrial facilities.
• Nearly unlimited possibilities of up-to-date
computer technology for long-term storage
of large scope of information are also topi-
cal for I&C systems, which in the process
of operation allow performing continu-
ous archiving of current data that can be
requested and used to determine cause of
emergencies, analysis of the sequence of
events, assessment of actions of mechani-
cal systems and personnel, accident man-
agement and restoration of the controlled
condition, elaboration of measures for im-
provement of NPP safety.
• Use of built-in hardware and software,
providing technical diagnostics, display
and record of diagnostic messages, allows
quickly detecting faults, automatically de-
ining their locations and planning required
actions for recovery of operation. This is
especially important for &C systems, that
perform real time control, as a delay in the
process of recovery may not only cause
economic losses, but also afect NPP safety.
In the process of design of I&C systems for
NPP specified capabilities of modern information
technologies and available for use of element
base allowed:
Search WWH ::
Custom Search