Diversity and Multi-Version Systems - Nuclear Power Plant Instrumentation and Control Systems for Safety and Security - page 191

Table 3. Matrix of diversity-oriented FPGA-based decisions

Stages of FPGA-
Based I&C Life
Cycle

Kinds of Version Redundancy

1 Diversity of Electronic
Elements (EE)

2 Diversity of
CASE-Tools

3 Diversity of Project
Development Languages

4 Diversity
of Scheme
Specification
(SS)

1 Development of
block-diagrams
according to
signal formation
algorithms

1.2.1 Different develo-pers of
CASE-tools
1.2.2 Different CASE-tools
kinds
1.2.3 Different CASE-tools
configurations

1.4.1 Different
SSs
1.4.2-1.4.4
Combi-nation of
couples of diverse
CASE-tools and
SSs

2 Development of
program models of
signal formation
algorithms in
CASE-tools
environment

2.2.1 Different deve-lopers of
CASE-tools
2.2.2 Different CASE-tools
kinds
2.2.3 Different CASE- tools
configurations

2.3.1 Joint use of
graphical scheme
language and HDL
2.3.2 Different HDLs
2.3.3-2.3.8 Combi-nation
of diverse CASE-tools
and HDLs

3 Integration of
program models of
signal formation
algorithms in
CASE-tools
environment

3.2.1 Different deve-lopers of
CASE-tools
3.2.2 Different CASE-tools
kinds
3.2.3 Different CASE-tools
configurations

3.3.1 Joint use of
graphical schemes and
HDL
3.3.2 Different HDLs
3.3.3 - 3.3.8 Combi-
nation of couples of
diverse CASE-tools and
HDLs

4 Implementation
of integrated
program model in
FPGA

4.1 Different manufacturers
of EEs
4.2 Different technologies of
EEs production
4.3 Different families of EEs
4.4 Different EEs of family

4.2.1 Different deve-lopers of
CASE-tools
4.2.2 Different CASE-tools
kinds
4.2.3 Different CASE-tools
configurations 4.2.4-4.2.15
Combina-tion of diverse CASE-
tools and EEs

( ) ( )

W n = W 1 , V, { Ψ } . (3)

transforming η s values z i (v i1 ),..., z i ( v in i ) in an

output signal Z i S . Hence,

The system W(1) may be a structure-redundant
and contain usual means Ψ for signals processing
from identical channels (versions). In this case
card V=1. For system W(n) is true that: ∀ j = 1, a
: ∃ j : n i >1.
The mapping ψ s is generally described by: a
subset of versions Δv s ⊂v j for receiving an output
signal Z i ; a vector t s

∀ψ s ∈Ψ:ψ s = { Δvs, , η s } and Z i ( ) =η s [z i (v ij ),

t s

t s ], v ij ∈Δv s .

There are the following means of transforming
η s : (a) the conjunctive, when Z i S =Vz i (v ij ); (b) the
time conjunctive, when Z i S =Vz i (v ij )σ ij , where
σ ij =1, if t=t(v ij ), and if not σ ij =0; (c) the majority,
when Z i S =М[z i (v ij )], where М is a majority func-
tion k out of l (or k out of n); (d) the majority-

of a version v ij an initializa-

tion time ( t s = {t(v i1 ),..., ( v in i )}); a mean of