Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
a way that operational personnel could easily
and accurately assess state of power unit and its
systems, promptly detecting changes of state and
executing provided actions required for power unit
control. Workplaces of operational personnel in
MCR and ECR meet ergonomics requirements,
consider stereotypes of operators' behavior and
human engineering. During design of workplaces
mode of behavior of operational personnel in
emergencies, when required actions should be
simple, clear for understanding and execution,
performed within a short time period and have not
very long duration, are considered. Data display
facilities and input elements of commands and
guidelines are structured and identified taking
into account their functions and priorities and
their location corresponds to a logical sequence
of actions of operational personnel during power
unit control. It is provided that data display facili-
ties placed in MCR and ECR and contained in
post-accident monitoring systems visually differ
from other display facilities, which are placed in
the same rooms.
Information is displayed in video screens in
the form convenient for perception and analysis,
approved in practice and received a good grade
from personnel. Each operator by its choice is
provided with a generalized and / or detail infor-
mation in the form of mimic planes, histograms,
graphs, tables, logic diagrams, text messages, etc.
Data about current values of controlled param-
eters, state of structures, systems and elements,
output signals and commands, operability failures
are automatically updated in a screen. Symbolic
representation of sensors and actuators allow
personnel to easily identify and accurately define
their state (position) and operability. Information,
displayed in video screens, is organized in a form
of a system of independent fragments (still images)
with an hierarchical structure that provides a pos-
sibility of a general view of a state of a controlled
object and its sequential specification on several
disaggregation levels (“general- to- specific”).
Selection of still frames for display is carried out
in simple and visual ways with a minimum number
of required for it actions. Protection from the loss
of important information due to overlaying and
overlapping of still images during their actuation
and / or in cases of change of sizes and location
of screens by operator, in which still images are
displayed, is provided.
Alarm messages, generated to workplaces of
the operational personnel in case of detection of
failures of design limits and/or normal and safety
operation conditions, protection actuation, oper-
ability failure of a controlled object and in other
specified cases, are displayed on video monitors
in a dedicated screen area, not overlapped by other
images. Text of the alarm message allows person-
nel to promptly and definitely detect a place, time,
nature and if possible a degree of failure hazard.
Output of alarm messages are followed by visual
and / or audio signals, which have differences
that allow personnel to qualitatively assess a de-
gree of failure hazard. Facilities for shutdown of
audio signals to avoid unnecessary acoustic load
and attract attention to new alarm messages are
provided. Visual alarm is activated till reasons,
which caused the output of the alarm signal, will
be eliminated, after that it is automatically stopped.
Time period of occurrence and shutdown of alarm
and a reason that caused the output of the alarm
message, are registered in a data base.
The operator has a possibility to support
reception of each identified alarm message, an
authorization to prohibit the output of individual
alarm messages and cancel prohibitions from his
workplace. Confirmation of the reception of the
alarm signal is displayed in the screen (for example,
a change of color or conversion from blinking to
a smooth glow) and causes the shutdown of the
audio signal. Alarm message, whose reception
was confirmed, is automatically deleted from the
screen in case of elimination of failure that has
caused it. Prohibition of the output of the alarm
message is followed by its removal from the screen
and shutdown of the audio signal. By operator's
call a chronological list of all eliminated and
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