Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
contribution to the country
s economic development is difficult to assess and mostly
covered by the other Salini requirements.
406
'
3.6.4 Evaluation on the Basis of the Literature
The different approaches of ICSID tribunals lead to a great response within the
literature. Comparable to the ICSID case law, the literature is divided on the issue
of how to handle the Salini test. There is no consent on the question of which
approach is prevailing at the moment. Some claim that most ICSID decisions today
do not apply the sole subjective approach as they find this insufficient in regard to
Art. 25(1) of the ICSID Convention.
407
Thus, there is a strict handling of investment
today because of the acceptance of the Salini criteria.
408
Others claim that in
practice most ICSID tribunals have adopted a broad definition of investment and
only a minority a narrow approach.
409
Some authors mention that some ICSID
tribunals try to
each other to see who has the better test, thus forgetting that
they should observe each case separately.
410
beat
'
'
3.6.4.1 The Validity of the Subjective Approach
First of all, there some authors who support the subjective approach of ICSID
tribunals.
411
Most of them claim that the Salini test has led to a crisis in the
international investment protection.
412
Their main claim is that the missing defini-
tion of investment within the ICSID Convention was intentional to prevent a
possible limitation of the Convention
s scope.
413
During the negotiation of the
ICSID Convention, the objective approach was rejected.
414
Hence, only parties can
limit ICSID jurisdiction.
415
'
406
ICSID [2006] ARB/05/3, 16-17 para 72; ICSID [2005] ARB/03/08—Award, 426 (450) para 13
(iv); Arbitration under UNCITRAL Rules, in: Peterson (
2009b
).
407
Gaillard (
2009
), 403 (411); cf Harten (
2007
), 78.
408
Dolzer and Schreuer (
2008
), 69; Schreuer (
2009
), 118 para 125; Mortenson (
2010
), 257 (259)
and (277).
409
Schobener et al. (
2010
), 262, Kap. 4
§
18 para 156; Loncle (
2006
), 319 (321).
410
Ho (
2010
), 633 (641).
411
Nmehielle (
2001
), 21 (26); cf Tietje (
2005
), 47 (54); McIlwrath and Savage (
2010
), 375 para 7-
019; Happ (
2008
), 19 (24); Nariman (
2004
), 123 (134); cf Moses (
2008
), 225; Mortenson (
2010
),
257 (300-301); Tietje (
2003
), 5 (10); Broches (
1966
), 263 (268).
412
Reinisch (
2014
), 111 (145-146); Diehl (
2007
), 268 (269); Krishan (
2009
), 1 (2-3).
413
Nathan (
1995
), 27 (30); Hobe and M¨ ller (
2009
), 65 (68); Mortenson (
2010
), 257 (259), (304)
and (311); cf Ho (
2010
), 633 (646); Delaume (
1966
), 64 (70) 64 (70); Abraham (
2009
), 206 (207);
Andreeva (
2008
), 161 (168); Krishan (
2009
), 1 (17); Loncle (
2006
), 319 (319).
414
Mortenson (
2010
), 257 (299).
