Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
protection, and the upgrade of health and security.
15
It is important for the investor
to recognize human rights and social and environmental standards.
16
The stability of the political system and the political relationship between the
respective countries are essential for a successful investment.
17
New empirical
studies revealed that a good interstate political relationship increases FDIs, and
historical ties between the countries influence the political relationship.
18
Over the past years FDIs decreased within the MENA region, illustrated by a
drop of over 50 % between 2007 and 2011.
19
Especially the Arabian Spring led to a
wait-and-see attitude towards investors.
20
However it is expected that the MENA
region is going to offer a good investment field in the future due to the ongoing
democratization.
21
Especially investments within the field of energy have great
potential.
22
Despite these positive views it is expected that the investments risks are
going to be significantly high until 2020-2030.
23
It is necessary to avoid harmful
investments within the MENA region as these could lead to a dependence of the
local economy. This underlines that projects like solar thermal power plants are
well suited for the MENA region as they help to decrease the dependence on fossil
fuels like gas and oil.
24
Morocco is an exception concerning the abovementioned decrease as FDIs
started to rise again by 2011.
25
Within the Doing-Business-Ranking of the World
Bank Morocco also proceeded to No. 94 (advancement of 21 places)
26
Morocco has
an Investment Charta which stipulates benefits for FDIs that e.g. include an
unlimited transfer of profit.
27
There are also certain requirements to get these
benefits, such as a minimum FDI of 17.5 million Euros, creating 250 new jobs,
settlement in a priority region, transfer of technology and a contribution to envi-
ronmental protection.
28
15
Saß (
2009
), 27 (32).
16
Herdegen (
2003
), 13 (30).
17
Desbordes and Vicard (
2009
), 372 (374).
18
Desbordes and Vicard (
2009
), 372 (379) and (383).
19
Rang (
2011
), 29 (30); cf BDI (
2011
).
20
Rang (
2011
), 29 (31).
21
Rang (
2011
), 29 (35).
22
Rang (
2011
), 29 (36-37).
23
Schulz (
2012
).
24
Schulz (
2012
).
25
Rang (
2011
), 29 (30).
26
Rang (
2011
), 29 (33).
27
Deutsche Industrie- und Handelskammer in Marokko (
2008
), 7.
28
Deutsche Industrie- und Handelskammer in Marokko (
2008
), 7.
