Renewable energy vs. wildlife conservation - Solar, Wind and Land: Conflicts in Renewable Energy Development - page 94

45 See Dina Capiello, Study Finds Wind Farms Kill Eagles , Boston Globe (Sept.
12, 2013).
46 See Wind Farm “Hits Eagle Numbers” , BBC News (June 23, 2006), available
at http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/5108666.stm (last visited June 13, 2013).
47 See generally Espen Lie Dahl, et al., White-tailed Eagles (Haliaeetus Albicilla)
at the Smøla Wind-power Plant, Central Norway, Lack Behavioral Flight
Responses to Wind Turbines , 37 Wildlife Society Bulletin 66 (2013).
48 16 U.S.C. § 668(a).
49 See U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Land-Based Wind Energy Guidelines, supra
note 19 at 2.
50 50 C.F.R. 22.3.
51 16 U.S.C. § 668(a).
52 16 U.S.C. § 703 et seq.
53 For the list of protected species under the MBTA, see generally 50 C.F.R.
10.13.
54 See, e.g ., Guyonne Janss, Bird Behavior In and Near a Wind Farm at Tarifa,
Spain: Management Considerations , National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Wind-Wildlife Impacts Literature Database, Doc. 1173 at 112 (2000), available
at http://nrelpubs.nrel.gov/Webtop/ws/avianlt/www/web_data/Record;jsessioni
d=54428F622B6C4F7111335F2CC5691584?m=1101 (last visited Dec. 17,
2013) (describing research finding that several bird species flew at higher
altitudes in response to the presence of wind farms).
55 See Engelman, supra note 15 at 10551.
56 Fish and Wildlife Service Land-Based Wind Energy Guidelines, supra note 19
at 2.
57 16 U.S.C. §§ 703 & 707.
58 Examples of such delayed or abandoned projects include the Simpson Ridge
Project in Carbon County, Wyoming and the China Mountain project near
Twin Falls, Idaho. See Scott Streater, Wind Power Industry Retreating from
Wyo., Citing Sage Grouse Concerns , New York Times (Aug. 7, 2009),
available at www.nytimes.com/gwire/2009/08/07/07greenwire-wind-power-
industry-retreating-from-wyo-citing-93484.html?pagewanted=all (last visited
June 12, 2013).
59 For more information on the sage grouse and its candidacy for endangered
species listing, visit the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service website at www.fws.gov/
mountain-prairie/species/birds/sagegrouse/ (last visited June 13, 2013).
60 See James M. McElfish Jr. & Sara Gersen, Local Standards for Wind Power
Siting: A Look at Model Ordinances , 41 Envtl. L. Rep. News & Analysis
10825, 10833 (2011).
61 See Jim Efstathiou Jr., Prairie Chicken Mating Dance Threatens Texas Projects
(Update 1), Bloomberg (Aug. 26, 2009), available at www.bloomberg.com/
apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aldysneqgVeA (last visited June 10, 2013).
62 For information about the Great Plains Wind Energy Habitat Conservation
Plan involving these species and the lesser prairie chicken, visit the Plan's
website at www.greatplainswindhcp.org/ (last visited June 12, 2013).
63 See Felicity Barringer, Turbine Plans Unnerve Fans of Condors in California ,
New York Times at A17 (May 25, 2013).
64 See Edward Platt, The London Array: The World's Largest Offshore Wind
Farm , The Telegraph (July 28, 2012), available at www.telegraph.co.uk/
earth/energy/windpower/9427156/The-London-Array-the-worlds-largest-
ofshore-wind-farm.html (last visited Oct. 15, 2013).
65 Fish and Wildlife Service Land-Based Wind Energy Guidelines, supra note 19
at 5.