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The water management and water quality treatment is one of important problems related
with environment protection, survival of variety of biological life cycles, and implies many
requirements for sustainable management (Baltic 21 2003; Swanson et al. 2004, Dzemydiene
et al. 2008).
The current situation recognized on data management and reporting in the water sector
resulted: (1) Having different treatments of water types [groundwater, marine water,
surface water, and others]; (2) A lot of data are available at many different locations, in
different types of databases; (3) The amount of data to be stored and analyzed will
dramatically increase in near future.
This carries out some difficulties to share data: no strong tradition for coordination and
sharing of data and knowledge. The rising needs of water resources influence the sewage
quality management issues.
In the light of these attitudes of sustainable development, researchers have raised the
purpose to determine the possibilities of cities' development, at the same time evaluating
various factors that influence the extents of investments in different towns for cleaner
environment.
The activity of large enterprises, institutions, and organizations should be based on versatile
responsibility of enterprises and stimulation of efficiency, paying ever more attention to the
requirements of sustainable development and to the issues of environment protection:
strategic and tactical planning and control, estimation of economic- social balance,
application of information technologies and constant check systems, as well as to legal
regulation effect.
Decision support is also related with the problems of estimation of general ecological
situation of the given region, the indices of pollution provided in the project, the risk factors
related to preservation of links that are of biological significance and time dependent, etc.
3. General solutions of component-based decision making system
development
An approach integrates problem solving and model-based knowledge acquisition within an
extensive model of different knowledge types, describing a changing information
environment and decision-making processes in a DSS (Fig. 1). Some exceptional features of
the changing environment, especially dynamic components, require additional means for
knowledge representation, data verification and assurance of efficiently making decision
processes.
An approach to modelling of problem solving expertise has been developed, based on the
four layers of expert knowledge: (1) the domain layer contains definitional knowledge of the
domain; (2) the inference layer describes the structure of reasoning and inference
mechanisms that operate upon domain layer; (3) the task layer explicates knowledge about
when a certain inference is to be made; (4) the strategic layer sets up the plan for achieving a
goal, thereby controlling the reasoning in the task layer.
The expertise is knowledge in broadest interpretation of the term and includes factual
knowledge of domain, problem solving strategies and methods, and learning strategies.
Some components of the expertise model are distinguished in our decision support system
as well: the fundamental knowledge that describes the application domain in static
(semantic model of information structure) and dynamic (the imitational model of tasks and
processes) perspective; the model of the problem solution strategy control level (e.g., plans,
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