The Declarative Framework Approach to Decision Support for Constrained Search Problems - Efficient Decision Support Systems: Practice and Challenges from Current to Future - page 168

3. Loading data for questions from questions parameters tables.
4. Generating questions in the form of text files in the correct format/meta-language/ of
the optimization program.
5. Sending files with questions to the optimization program.
6. Recording the results obtained/decisions/in the database.
(question=decision making model)
The functionality of the layer mapped by the dotted line in Fig.2.
Decision can be interpreted as a response to the properly formulated question that meets the
existing constraints.
As an illustrative example of using DSS (the questions in the form of the CLP predicates), the
optimization in distribution centers has been presented. Philosophy and structure of the
proposed decision support system may have a place for all areas of SCM, ERP (Moon, 2007) etc.
4. Optimization in distribution centers
Centralization of distribution reduces the number of transactions compared to the number
of transactions without a central distribution. The supplier does not need to send parcel to
multiple recipients, but sends one to a dedicated distribution center. Similarly, the recipient
does not need to take many items from many suppliers, but receives the bulk of the load
from the distribution center.
Reducing the number of transactions between suppliers and customers helps reduce the
average time of delivery and the costs of these transactions. The centralized distribution in
the form of distribution centers results in an incomparably greater opportunity to optimize
resources, processes, costs, etc.
Potential areas of decision support and optimization for the exemplified distribution center
depends on the decision level:
Strategic level - (number and location of the distribution center depots, the choice of
product groups, the territorial constraints of the area serviced by the distribution center,
transportation problems etc.);
Tactical level - (structure and size of fleet vehicles, periodic change of route plans, etc.);
Operational level - (completion of contracts , optimization of loading, dynamic route
planning, inventory management, high storage, allocation of pallets etc.).
It should be noted that these effects are achieved at the cost of what is happening inside the
distribution center. It is there where the received goods must be unloaded, reassembled and
uploaded for transport to customers. Therefore the issue of cost optimization is not obvious
for every lot size or for any batch of goods.
4.1 Problem of allocation of pallets
Problems of optimization and decision support in a distribution center play a key role at the
operational level, where decisions must be taken daily or even several times a day.
The method and quality of such decisions have the greatest impact on the operation of the
distribution center and as a result on its effectiveness.
It is at the operational level where rapid and effective assistance should be provided to
operators who manage the warehouse activities, including palletizing and forwarding. One
of several problems that must be solved every day in distribution centers (e.g. wholesale
food, liquor, etc.) is the problem of allocation of pallets.