Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
REPRESENTING AND MANIPULATING DATA
• Use of binary to represent data
• Coding of instructions as bit patterns
• Distinguishing between instructions and data
• Systems to represent characters in binary, such as ASCII and Unicode
• Use of binary to perform calculations
• Use of Boolean operators (AND, OR and NOT)
• Simple logic diagrams and truth tables
• Bits, nybbles, bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes and petabytes
• Conversion of numbers among denary, binary and hexadecimal
• Binary and hexadecimal representation of pixels and colours in images
• Sampling frequency and digital storage of sound
• Balance between image and sound quality and file size
• Compression techniques: lossy and lossless
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
• Systems' analysis and problem definition
• Systems' design and implementation
• Systems' testing and end-user testing
• User documentation and user support
• Evaluating systems
NATURE AND ROLE OF INFORMATION
• Knowledge, information and data
• Capabilities and limitations of ICT
• Control and protection of information: security and privacy issues
• Social impacts of ICT
• Use of ICT systems within organisations: policy and practice
• Computer malpractice and crime
• The legal framework, including health and safety and copyright
DATABASES
• Database concepts: definition, features and terminology
• Creating, maintaining and interrogating a database
• Nature of Database Management Systems (DBMS)
• Relationship between entities and tables
• Database components: tables, forms, queries, reports, modules
• Logical operators in building queries
• Key fields to create relationships and avoid data duplication
• Data validation techniques
COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS
• Advantages of networked computers over stand-alone computers
• Peer-to-peer and client-server networks
• Local area and wide area networks
• Common hardware components of networks
• Bus, ring, star and mesh topologies
• IP addressing and MAC addresses
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