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Table 3.
Truth table of MX-cqca gate
i
0
i
1
i
2
o
0
o
1
o
2
0000 0 0
0010 0 1
0100 0 1
0110 1 1
1000 1 0
1010 1 1
1101 0 1
1111 1 1
Fig. 22.
QCA design of MX-cqca gate
coverage we identified the logic devices in the HDLQ model of the Mx-cqca gate
which can be replaced by their fault-tolerant counterpart to give the 100 % fault
coverage to two test vectors all 0s and all 1s, for any single missing/additional
cell defect. We observed that fanout (
F
0
3
), inverter (
INV
1
), crosswire (
CW
4
)
and majority voters (
MV
5
) are devices in the QCA
layout of the Mx-cqca gate that are making the design untestable by all 0s and all
1s test vectors. In the existing literature, several fault tolerant QCA components
have been proposed such as Majority voters (MVs), Inverters (INVs), Fanouts
(FOs), Crosswires (CWs) and L-shape wires (LSWs) [
12
,
15
,
16
,
74
]. Thus, these
devices can be replaced by their fault tolerant counterparts to have the equivalent
design that gives 100 % fault coverage to test vectors, all 1s and all 0s, for any
single missing/additional cell defect. The HDLQ model of the QCA layout having
100 % coverage for single missing/additional cell defect by all 0s and all 1s test
MV
1
,
MV
2
,
MV
3
,
MV
4
and
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