Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 10
(continued)
DT
50
or
MR
c
No.
Pesticide/structure
Soil
a
/surfactant
b
Reference
45
Metalaxyl
CH
3
O
Sandy clay loam, aerobic
18 d
Monkiedje
et al.
(2003)
(1.6, 5.2, 45/24/31, 4.2,
20±2)
+ EC formulation
18 d
CH
2
OCH
3
N
COOCH
3
CH
3
44
Acetochlor
CH
3
O
Agricultural field soil, aerobic
(10, 2.59, 38/59/3, 8.4, 35±1)
+ SDBS (NA)
4.6 d
Ye (2003)
6.3 d
CH
2
Cl
N
OC
2
H
C
2
H
5
48
Triticinazole
Agricultural field soil, aerobic
(4, 17.9, 14.5/54/29.1, 8.2,
28)
+ REAL
®
blank formula-
tion (NA)
+ REAL
®
/ Soprophor FLK
(NA)
1.3×10
−3
d
−1
Beigel et al.
(1999)
CH
3
CH
3
OH
N
1.6×10
−3
d
−1
1.6×10
−3
d
−1
N
Cl
H
N
Loamy clay soil, aerobic (10
3
,
1.79, 14.7/55.5/29.8, 8.2,
28±1)
+ Alkyl naphthalenesulfate
(1.7 g/kg)
+ Phosphate tristyryl phe-
nolethoxylate
+ nonionic (ethylene oxide,
fatty acid)
0.21 d
−1
Charnay
et al.
(2000)
0.08 d
−1
0.21 d
−1
0.05 d
−1
32
Imidacloprid
3 soils, aerobic
(0.25-0.5, 11-38/12-
36/17-53, 5.2-8.5, 28±1)
+ Confidor
®
200 SL
+ Gaucho
®
70 WS
Sarkar et al.
(2001)
Cl
N NH
N
29-48 d
36-46 d
N
NO
2
a
The values in the parentheses are pesticide concentration applied to soil (ppm), organic matter
content (%), fraction% of sand, silt and clay, soil pH and incubation temperature (°C).
b
The value in the parentheses is the concentration or amount of surfactant being applied. cmc,
critical micelle concentration.
c
DT
50
, degradation half-life (time). MR, mineralization rate (time
−1
).
d
Time for 95% degradation. NA, not available.
Lichtenstein (1966) reported the slower degradation of organophosphorus insec-
ticides in soils treated with anionic alkylbenzene sulfonate and LAS. Because the
microbial population increased by their addition, less bioavailability of the pesti-
cides associated with micelles being more tightly adsorbed on soil seemed to
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