Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 10
Effect of surfactant on biodegradation of pesticides in soil
DT
50
or
MR
c
No.
Pesticide/structure
Soil
a
/surfactant
b
Reference
34
Lindane
Cl
Sandy loam soil, anaerobic
1.0 d
Quintero
et al.
(2005)
(100, 9.8, NA, 4.04, 30)
+ Triton X-100 (5 × cmc)
+ Tween 80 (5 × cmc)
Cl
3.1 d
1.1 d
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
3
Parathion
Silt loam soil, aerobic
4.8 d
Lichtenstein
(1966)
(10, NA, NA, NA, 30)
+ ABS (1% w/w to soil)
S
C
2
H
5
O
15.9 wk
P
O
NO
2
C
2
H
5
O
38
Diazinon
Silt loam soil, aerobic
1.3 wk
Lichtenstein
(1966)
(10, NA, NA, NA, 30)
+ ABS (1% w/w to soil)
CH
3
S
3.6 wk
C
2
H
5
O
C
2
H
5
O
P
O
N
N
CH(CH
3
)
2
39
Azinphos-methyl
N
N
Silt loam soil, aerobic
6 d
d
Schulz et al.
(1970)
(20, NA, NA, NA, 30)
+ EC formulation (1/600,
2 lb/gal)
N
S
CH
3
O
CH
3
O
22 d
d
P
S
O
40
Chlorotoluron
UK soil (60% water-holding
capacity), aerobic, (10,
2.76, 73/11/16, 7, 20)
+ 50% w/v suspendable
concentrate
+ 80% w/v wettable powder
NA
Cotterill
(1988)
CH
3
H
NC
O
CH
3
N
80 d
CH
3
Cl
81 d
42
Linuron
Sandy loam soil, aerobic,
nonsterile (60, 0.67,
64.0/15.5/18.1, 7.5, 28±2)
+ SDS (1.5 g/m
2
)
+ HDTMA Br (1.5 g/m
2
)
248 d
Rodriguez-
Cruz
et al.
(2001)
CH
3
H
NC
O
Cl
N
OCH
3
147 d
234 d
Cl
Sterile
+ SDS (1.5 g/m
2
)
+ HDTMA Br (1.5 g/m
2
)
277 d
147 d
204 d
60
Aldicarb
Farmland surface soil, aerobic
(20, 2.47, 76/11/13, 7.93,
25)
+ SDBS (100 ppm)
(1000 ppm)
6.13 d
Liu et al.
(2003)
CH
3
O
CH
3
SC
H
NOC
NHCH
3
5.06 d
3.92 d
CH
3
61
Benomyl
Sandy loam, aerobic (60-97, 3.7,
NA/NA/16.4, 7.9, 23)
+ Dry flowable formulation
+ Soluble powder formulation
NA
Sassman
et al.
(2004)
CONHC
4
H
9
34-92 d
55 d
N
NHCOOCH
3
N
(continued)
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