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computational eciency at runtime and ease of configuration at design time. We
also establish in this vector space the necessary functions to account for certain
psychological characteristics that the emotional synthesis and analysis must have
in order to grant the correct representation of emotions in computational agents.
The paper is organized as follows: In section 2 we shortly review models
from cognitive psychology that we use throughout the paper and present related
work regarding computational models of emotions. In section 3 we introduce and
formally describe our MVS model for representing the dynamics of mood and
emotions. Finally, in section 4 we present our conclusions and future work.
2
Background
In this section we briefly discuss some well-known psychological models of emo-
tions and review some computational approaches that draw upon them.
2.1 OCC Model
Ortony et al. developed a computational emotion model, that is often referred
to as the OCC model [9], which has established itself as the standard model
for emotion synthesis. This model specifies 22 categories for emotions (
JOY
,
HATE
,. . . ) based on valenced reactions to situations constructed either (i) as
being goal-relevant events (they could be acts from an accountable agent, includ-
ing itself), or (ii) as attractive or unattractive objects. It also offers a structure
for the variables, such as likelihood of an event or the familiarity of an object,
which determines the intensity of the emotion types.
We will use the emotional tag derived by the OCC model as input for the
Mood Vector Space model outlined in section 3.
2.2 Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance Emotional and Temperament
Models
The work on the use of the three parameters for classifying, measuring and
applying emotions and temperament goes back to Mehrabian, who proposes
a framework for the representation of emotional states and temperament of a
person [8] [7]. Emotions can be represented in a three dimensional space and, in
this space we can also present a more stable and lasting emotional states that
we call moods.
The PAD Emotion Model.
This model[8] is an extremely general, yet precise,
system for the measurement and description of emotions. Three basic dimensions
of emotion are used: Pleasure-Displeasure (
±P
) or estimation of the liking or
disliking, Arousal-Nonarousal (
) or general level of physical activity and men-
tal alertness, and Dominance-Submissiveness (
±A
±D
) or feelings of control vs. lack
of control over one's activities and surroundings.
