Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 3.11 Emission limits recommended for incineration of hazardous waste and sewage
sludge [
67
]
Code
Name
NFR source
category
5.C.1.b.i, 5.C.1.b.ii,
5.C.1.b.iv
Industrial waste incineration including hazardous waste
and sewage sludge
Fuel
NA
Not
applicable
HCH
Not estimated Nh3, Cr, Cu, Zn, Se, Benzo(a)pyrene, Benxo(b)fluoranthene, Benzo(k)
fluoranthene, Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, PCBs
Pollutant
Value
Unit
95
%
confidence
interval
Reference
Lower Upper
NO
x
0.87
kg/Mg waste
0.087
8.7
European Commis-
sion (
2006
)
CO
0.07
kg/Mg waste
0.007
0.7
European Commis-
sion (
2006
)
NMVOC
7.4
kg/Mg waste
0.74
74
Pasant (1993)
SO
2
0.047
kg/Mg waste
0.0047
0.47
European Commis-
sion (
2006
)
TSP
0.01
kg/Mg waste
0.001
2.3
European Commis-
sion (
2006
)
PM
10
0.007
kg/Mg waste
0.0007
0.15
US EPA (1996)
applied on TSP
PM
2.5
0.004
kg/Mg waste
0.0004
0.1
US EPA (1996)
applied on TSP
BC
3.5
% of PM
2.5
1.8
7
Olmez et al. (1998)
Pb
1.3
g/Mg waste
0.48
1.9
Theloke et al. (2008)
Cd
0.1
g/Mg waste
0.048
0.15
Theloke et al. (2008)
Hg
0.056
g/Mg waste
0.04
0.08
European Commis-
sion (
2006
)
As
0.016
g/Mg waste
0.01
0.019
Theloke et al. (2008)
Ni
0.14
g/Mg waste
0.048
0.19
Theloke et al. (2008)
PCDD/F
350
g I-TEQ/
Mg waste
0.5
35,000 UNEP (2005)
μ
Total 4 PAHs
0.02
g/Mg waste
0.007
0.06
Wild (1995)
HCB
0.002
g/Mg waste
0.0002
0.02
Berdowski
et al. (1997)
Current modelling methods do not take into consideration the secondary parti-
cles reformed from atmospheric gas emissions, far from the incinerator stack,
although a number of studies have shown that in 95 % of cases ultrafine heavy
metal particles combine with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) to produce
PM
3
or smaller conglomerates. PAHs are toxic, mutagenic, teratogenic and cancer
causing by nature and this kind of combinations increases lung cancer risk by
almost eight times [
69
-
72
].
