Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 3.1 A synthesis of sources of nanoparticles resulted from anthropogenic activities in
several representative Australian areas [
11
]
Particulate matter
10
m
<
μ
Annual
emissions
(tonnes/year)
Proportion of annual
anthropogenic
emissions (%)
Source
Group
Cumulative
(%)
Source Type
GMR
Domestic-
Commercial
Solid fuel combustion
5,986
19.6
19.6
Off-Road
Mobile
Industrial off-road
vehicles and
equipment
5,191
17.0
36.6
Industrial
Coal mining
4,154
13.6
50.3
Industrial
Generation of electri-
cal power from coal
1,708
5,6
55.9
Industrial
Primary iron and steel
production
1,444
4.7
60.6
On-Road
Mobile
Exhaust emissions
light duty—diesel
1,073
3.5
64.1
On-Road
Mobile
Exhaust emissions
heavy duty commer-
cial—diesel
1,002
3.3
67.4
On-Road
Mobile
Exhaust emissions
passengers cars petrol
972
3.2
70.6
Industrial
Crushing, grinding or
separating works
918
3.0
73.6
Industrial
Other land-based
extraction
799
2.6
76.2
All
Other
7,253
23.8
100
Sydney
Domestic-
Commercial
Solid fuel combustion
4,503
34.3
34.3
Off-Road
Mobile
Industrial off-road
vehicles
1,152
8.8
43.1
On-Road
Mobile
Exhaust emissions
light duty—diesel
840
6.4
49.5
Industrial
Crushing, grinding or
separating works
807
6.2
55.6
On-Road
Mobile
Exhaust emissions
passengers cars petrol
797
6.1
61.7
On-Road
Mobile
Exhaust emissions
heavy commercial
duty—diesel
681
5.2
66.9
Industrial
Ceramics production
(excluding gas)
606
4.6
71.5
Industrial
Other land-based
extraction
418
3.2
74.7
Commercial
Poultry farming (meat)
237
1.8
76.5
(continued)
