Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
effects, enhanced biodistribution, and lesser target site accumulation of GC to
reduce toxicity [ 53 ].
The role of C6-ceramide as an antiproliferative and proapoptotic sphingolipid
metabolite in regulating inflammatory responses was determined by nanoliposome
formulation (Lip-C6) in corneal inflammation. Lip-C6 as compared to control
liposomes significantly inhibited proinflammatory reactions in corneal cells after
stimulation with UV-killed Staphylococcus aureus or lipopolysaccharides. Lip-C6
may act as a potential anti-inflammatory, nontoxic, therapeutic agent for delivering
short-chain ceramide [ 54 ].
The potential first-line therapy for severe and life-threatening complication
of childhood systemic inflammatory disorders like macrophage activation syn-
drome (MAS) includes liposome-incorporated dexamethasone (dexamethasone
palmitate, DexP) than conventional free corticosteroids (methyl prednisolone) in
effectively inhibiting inflammation in MAS patients for the management of the
disease [ 55 ].
9.1.4.3 AIDS
One of the biggest challenges of twenty-first century remains the successful treat-
ment and control of HIV/AIDS as more than 33 million individuals worldwide are
infected with HIV and more than two million new cases of HIV infection has been
reported. To control the situation, development of effective prevention strategies
needs to be addressed. Anti-retroviral drugs and siRNA have been explored for HIV
prophylaxis as assayed by clinical trials in absence of effective HIV vaccine.
Liposomes may improve the efficacy of various modalities available for HIV
prophylaxis in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this disease [ 56 ].
The viral protein
ʱ
Env from HIV virus coated on to liposomes linked to
phosphatidyl serine triggers HIV-virus-like particles phagocytosis in macrophages
offering promise to AIDS therapy [ 57 ]. Nanoliposomes with the property of
crossing blood-brain barrier enable targeting of central nervous system diseases
[ 58 ]. Liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, and solid lipid
nanoparticles are being tested for treatment of neuro AIDS [ 59 ].
Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bNAbs), 2F5 and 4E10, bind to the
membrane proximal external region (MPER) of gp41 of HIV virus to cross react
with phospholipids. Chemical modifications on MPER adjacent to 2F5 and 4E10
epitopes increase immune responses to poorly immunogenic antigens, by breaking
tolerance of inflammation-associated post-translational modifications to induce
2F5- and 4E10-like bNAbs. Tyrosine, serine, and threonine residues were modified
with sulfate, phosphate, or nitrate moieties and presented in liposomes for rabbit
immunizations protocol to explore it as a HIV-1 vaccine strategy by developing
sera with strong anti-gp140 titers [ 60 ].
Search WWH ::




Custom Search