Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
(i) Receptor binding peptides
36
(ii) Antisense oligonucleotides
38
, receptor linked
plasmid DNA for targeting cancer cells
39
(iii) Camptothecin and coated with
α
-melanocyte-
-MSH)
41
(iv) Engineering anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies
linked liposomes
44
(v) Paclitaxol
97
(vi) Imatinib loaded into FR-targeted liposomes
135
stimulating hormone (
α
(vii) Etoposide-loaded immunoliposomes with anti
GD2-positive malignancies
40, 45
(viii) Anacardic acid, vitamin C, and mitoxantrone
47
(i) Panax notoginsenoside-loaded core-shell
hybrid liposomal vesicles (PNS-HLV)
127
(ii) NO-loaded echogenic liposomes
(NO-ELIP)
128
(iii) Streptokinase encapsulated liposomes
129
Cancer
(ix) Dox
49
(x) cyclic di-GMP/YSK05 liposome
40
(xi) Cortic celastrol liposomes
46
(iv) liposomes-plasmid DNA complexes
(lipoplexes) modified with cell-
penetrating transactivating
transcriptional activator (TAT) peptide
(TATp) and/or with monoclonal anti-
myosin monoclonal antibody 2G4 (mAb
2G4) specific toward cardiac myosin
130
(xii) Cortecosteroids
53
Liposomal
nano
medicine
Cardio
vascular
Inflammatory
disorders
(v) Clodronate, palmidronate, alendronate,
ISA-131, PTX, DOX, AG1295, AGL2043,
U-86 2 aminochromone, Zn(II)-
phthalocyanine light
131
(vi) Coenzyme Q10-loaded liposomes
(CoQ10-L)
132
(i) infrared immunoliposomes conjugated with
type II collagen antibody for diagnosis and
treatment of early OA
50
(ii) anti-inflammatory drugs for inflammatory
bowel disease
63
(iii) Corticosteroids
53
Neurode
gerative
disorder
(iv) Nano lipodendrosomer loaded glatiramer
acetate & myogenic differentiation 1 in MD
62
(i) Rivastigmine liposomes (RLs) in AD
133
(ii) Curcumin-conjugated nanoliposomes in AD
134
Fig. 9.3 Disease targeting by liposomal nanomedicine and its usage
(EndoTAG1-1) and temperature-sensitive liposomes (ThermoDox), have been
extensively applied for clinical use. The medical applications of liposomes in
various diseases in their preclinical and clinical stages were numerous (Table
9.2
,
Fig.
9.3
). However, the application of liposomes in different human diseases
remains the chief area of concern. In many cases, effective chemotherapy is not
applied and it is severely restricted by the toxic side effects of the drugs. The
unwanted toxic side effects of a drug are reduced by its encapsulation in a liposome
and also its efficacy is also increased. The possible side effects related to a drug may
be reduced by liposomal formulations by its extended plasma circulation time and
varied drug distribution in body. Liposome encapsulation can alter the temporal and
spatial distribution of the encapsulated drug molecules inside the body. Although
many effective drugs have been studied in preclinical conditions in numerous
veterinary disease models, but for human therapy, liposomal therapeutics, at pre-
sent are widely used mostly in cancer therapy and systemic fungal infections. We
need to exploit, in preventative conventional medicine or in nanomedicine, the
liposome-based vaccines as future prospective in many diseases [
1
-
9
].
Biocompatible nanoliposomes carrying therapeutic agents find wide-scale appli-
cation in targeting of a wide array of diseases (Table
9.2
, Fig.
9.3
). They also find
application in tumor imaging. Formulation of lipids, PEG building blocks, DTPA
