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CHAPTER 5
OVERVIEW OF QUANTUM
COMPUTATION
HERNANDO EFRAIN CAICEDO-ORTIZ,
and ELIZABETH SANTIAGO-CORTES
CONTENTS
5.1 Introduction.................................................................................. 108
5.2 The Qubit ..................................................................................... 108
5.3 Unitary Operators..........................................................................110
5.4 Quantum Measurements ...............................................................110
5.5 Quantum Gates..............................................................................112
5.6 Quantum Parallelism.....................................................................112
5.7 Entanglement ................................................................................114
5.8 Decoherence..................................................................................115
5.9 Physical Implementation: DiVincenzo Criteria ............................115
5.10 Conclusions.................................................................................116
Keywords ...............................................................................................116
Acknowledgment ...................................................................................117
References ..............................................................................................117
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