STEGANOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR COLOR IMAGES USING VARIANCE FIELD ESTIMATION AND SCALING FACTOR FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION - Theoretical and Computational Research in the 21st Century - page 102

12 j for each test presents a different result as can be seen in the previ-
ous tests, the scaling factor does not affect the steganographic algorithm
and preserving the energy of images [21]. It can be seen in the Lena error
image of Figure 4.4(d), the difference in values between the host image
and the recovered image is approximately zero. The results shown in Table
(4.4) using the scaling factor j = 24, we can that these are superior to those
shown in Table (4.4). Being the best method LSB with PSNR equal to
34.5602 dB thing which is exceeded by the second PSNR of 36.7973 dB
with j = 24 [21].

FIGURE 4.4 Visual results in the case of j = 10, (a) host image “Mandrill,” (b) error
image “Mandrill,” (c) hide image “Lena”, and (d) error image “Lena”.

TABLE 4.4 Performance results in the case of j = 24 in the scaling factor with cover
image “Mandrill” and hidden image “Lena”.

Cover image “Mandrill” Hide image “Lena”

Q = 0.9968 Q = 0.9962

PSNR = 36.7973 dB PSNR = 36.1232 dB

CC = 99.67% CC = 99.56%

NCD = 5.7204 e-4 NCD = 19.735e-4

MAE = 1.4721 MAE = 2.7714