STEGANOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR COLOR IMAGES USING VARIANCE FIELD ESTIMATION AND SCALING FACTOR FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION - Theoretical and Computational Research in the 21st Century - page 100

FIGURE 4.2 Subjective visual results for the stego-image “Mandrill” with the secret
image “Lena” showing the stego-image, the error stego-image, the retrieved secret image,
and the retrieved error secret image from the left to the right for each method. Row 1: (a)-
(d) using LSB, Row 2: (e)-(h) CLCES( T 1 , βs 1 ).

By applying the proposed scaling scheme, an improvement in visual
images [21] can be seen. In the case of different j values in the scaling
factor using the same images “Mandrill” [12] as cover image and “Lena”
[12] as hide image, in Table (4.3), one can see when the j value increases
the performance results increase too.

TABLE 4.3 Performance results for different values of j with cover image “Mandrill” and
hidden image “Lena”

Proposed method PSNR db CC NCD Q MAE

Cover image 31.5084 78.52 — 0.7836 10.4878

j = 0

Recovered image 16.5327 38.80 0.4748 0.3586 4.9403

Cover image 31.4999 80.46 — 0.8040 9.9490

j = 2

Recovered image 16.9537 38.89 0.4749 0.3587 4.9471

Cover image 36.1233 97.81 0.0020 0.9792 3.2086

j = 5

Recovered image 27.2474 99.85 0.0020 0.9962 2.7714

Cover image 36.1233 99.08 8.015e-4 0.9913 2.0309

j = 9

Recovered image 31.0781 99.80 0.0020 0.9962 2.7714

Cover image 36.1233 99.34 6.0486e-4 0.9934 1.7022

j = 10

Recovered image 32.5167 99.55 0.0020 0.9962 2.7714